Section 1.0 introduces the purpose, authority, interpretation, definitions, applicable codes, departmental responsibilities, developer engineer responsibilities, referenced specifications, City Engineer acceptance, metric units, and construction specifications for the Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards.

The City of West Jordan, Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards, establishes uniform policies and procedures for the design and construction of City land disturbance, grading, erosion control, revegetation of disturbed areas and control of sediments resulting from construction of private development and City projects. It is not the intent of this standard that any standard of conduct or duty toward the public shall be created or imposed by publication of this standard. This standard is not a substitute for engineering knowledge, experience or judgment of professionals in their area of expertise in the agronomy, revegetation, conservation, and engineering discipline. This standard is neither designed as, nor does it establish, a legal standard for these functions. The methods and procedures contained herein are to be reviewed by the developer’s engineer or designer using them as applicable to site-specific conditions of the project they are working on. Where actual site conditions deem these standards and procedures not applicable, the engineer or designer shall request a variance from these standards or procedures as provided herein.

The design and construction of grading, erosion control, revegetation and sedimentation facilities and other appurtenances in City of West Jordan are to comply with these standards herein called “Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards (LDDCS)”, or the permit requirements of various governing bodies, except where specific modifications have been approved, in writing, by the City Engineer. All submitted plans containing engineering principals shall be signed and stamped by a Civil Engineer and other appropriate professionals. Erosion control plans, revegetation plans and/or dust control plans are to be signed and stamped by a qualified Civil Engineer or other appropriate professional. All work is to be in accordance with good agronomy, conservation, and engineering practices.

This document sets forth the procedure for designing and preparing plans and specifications and specifications for area of land disturbances throughout the City. Wherever there are differences between these standards and other county, state or federal regulations, the most stringent or highest requirement shall govern. The specifications and standard drawings contained in this document are for all land disturbances throughout the City. The City has also prepared culinary water, road and bridge, and storm drain/flood control design and construction standards for those specific areas. The developer/developer’s engineer is to obtain the other design and construction standards to determine how to design these other facilities.

Title 81 of the City of West Jordan Municipal Code, establishes the legal authority for the erosion, sediment control and revegetation requirements set forth in this document. Title 81 – Land Disturbance was established as a requirement of the State of Utah’s Utah Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit (UPDES) which is a federally mandated requirement of the State.

Since the passage of the Clean Water Act (CWA), the quality of our Nation’s waters has improved dramatically. Despite the progress, however, degraded water bodies still existed and the federal government moved to improve the water quality in these water bodies. According to the 1996 Nation Water Quality Inventory, a biennial summary of State surveys of water quality, approximately 40-percent of surveyed U.S. water bodies are still impaired by pollution and did not meet water quality standards. A leading source of this impairment was indicated to be polluted runoff. According to the Inventory, 13-percent of impaired rivers, 21-percent of impaired lake acres and 45-percent of impaired estuaries are affected by urban/suburban storm water runoff and 6-percent of impaired rivers, 11-percent of impaired lake acres and 11-percent of impaired estuaries are affected by construction site discharges.

Phase I of the EPA’s storm water program was promulgated in 1990 under the CWA. Phase I relies on National Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit coverage to address storm water runoff from: (1) “medium” and “large” municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) generally serving populations of 100,000 or greater, (2) construction activity disturbing 5 acres of land or greater, and (3) ten categories of industrial activity.

The Storm Water Phase II Final Rule is the next step in EPA’s effort to preserve, protect, and improve the Nation’s water resources from polluted storm water runoff. The Phase II program expands the Phase I program by requiring additional operators of MS4s in urbanized areas and operators of small construction sites, through the use of NPDES permits, to implement programs and practices to control polluted storm water runoff.

Phase II is intended to further reduce adverse impacts to water quality and aquatic habitat by instituting the use of controls on the unregulated sources of storm water discharges that have the greatest likelihood of causing continued environmental degradation.

Although the NPDES permit program is a national program, its implementation and permitting is delegated to the states. In the case of Utah, the program then becomes known as the Utah Pollution Discharge Elimination System (UPDES) program. Cities and other governmental entities are then required to receive a permit through the State of Utah under the UPDES permit program.

On March 10, 2003 Phase II of the NPDES became active and all cities smaller than 100,000 are required to submit a NPDES permit and application. In the case of cities in Utah, this became a UPDES permit application that is submitted to the State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).

The City of West Jordan (City) is subject to Phase II regulations. The City’s UPDES permit requires, at a minimum, that the City develop, implement, and enforce a storm water management program designed to reduce to the “maximum extent practicable” the discharge of pollutants from the storm drain system to protect water quality, and to satisfy the requirements of the CWA.

The City’s storm water management program must include the minimum control measures included in the General Permit. Implementation of BMPs that comply with permit requirements constitutes compliance with the standard of reducing pollutants to the maximum extent practicable.

In the City’s permit application, the City identified and submitted the following information to the State DEQ:

1. The City will implement BMPs for each of the following six minimum control measures:
   1. Public Education and Outreach
   2. Public Involvement/Participation
   3. Illicit Discharges and Improper Disposal
   4. Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control
   5. Post-Construction Storm Water Management in New Development and Redevelopment
   6. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
2. The measurable goals for each of the BMPs including, as appropriate, the months and years in which the City was to undertake required actions, including interim milestones and the frequency of the action; and
3. The person(s) responsible for implementing or coordinating the City’s storm water management program.

The City Engineer will decide all questions of interpretation of “Best Management Practices” as it applies to good agronomy, revegetation, conservation, and engineering practices. The City Engineer may use the future ASTM standards and various standards obtained in published engineering studies and industry publications to guide him or her.

Whenever in these specifications or in any document or instruments where these specifications govern, the following terms, abbreviations or definitions are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows:

Abbreviations

Symbols

Definitions

Actual Restoration and Revegetation Costs

Costs set by City resolution or ordinance. In the absence of City resolution and/or ordinance or the actual restoration and revegetation costs will be determined by three competitive revegetation bids conforming to this chapter and 10 percent of the excavation portion of the original bid. In the event the actual revegetation costs are challenged by the applicant the cost will be determined as stated herein.

Agricultural activity

Plowing, disking, and harrowing the ground surface for the purpose of planting and cultivating crops on parcels historically used for this purpose.

Anchored Mulch

Mulch which employs netting, staple, or fastener to anchor material to the soil and/or a mulch material that is crimped or tacked to the soil surface by mechanical means.

Applicant

Means any person who submits an application for a permit pursuant to Title 81, “Land Disturbance”.

Approved

Unless specifically otherwise indicated, this shall mean approval by the City Engineer.

Bale Dike

A bale dike is a temporary barrier consisting of bales installed across a slope, at the toe of a slope, and/or around the perimeter of the construction site.

Bale Sediment Barrier

A semi-pervious sediment barrier is a temporary barrier consisting of bales and a rock spillway placed across small drainages or gently sloping swales.

Best Management Practices

Practices, procedures or designs used as a standard for a given industry. In this specific case, these practices are for the erosion control industry. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for controlling nonpoint sources of pollution are the methods, measures, practices, or a combination of practices determined to be the most effective and practicable means (including technological, economic, and institutional considerations) to control nonpoint pollutants at levels compatible with environmental quality goals. As used in this document, BMPs are synonymous with erosion and sediment control measures.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Consumed during a biochemical oxidation of matter over a specified period of time.

Bioengineering

Bioengineering is a method of construction using living plants, or plants in combination with non-living or structural materials. The practice brings together biological, ecological, and engineering concepts to produce living, functioning systems to prevent erosion, to stabilize slopes and to enhance wild life habitat. The application of vegetative practices combined with structural practices to provide a system of practices that create a stable site condition.

Brushlayering

Cuttings or branches of easily rooted woody species are layered between successive lifts of soil fill to construct a reinforced slope or embankment. Live branch cuttings laid in crisscross fashion on terraces between successive lifts of soil.

Buffer Setback

A strip of land that separates land uses for aesthetic reasons or separate incompatible uses, i.e. residential from Industrial.

Buffer Strip

An undisturbed strip of land containing grasses, shrubs and trees adjacent to water bodies engineered for the treatment of storm water.

Buttress Fill

A buttress fill is a designed compacted earth fill used for providing lateral support to an unstabilized earth or rock mass.

Cellular Confinement System

A three-dimensional, honeycomb earth-retaining structure used to mechanically stabilize the surface of earth and fill slopes.

Check Dam

A check dam is a small temporary dam constructed across a swale, gully, or drainage way to collect sediment and slow water velocities.

City

City of West Jordan, Utah

City Engineer

City Engineer shall mean the City Engineer of City of West Jordan, or the person(s) engaged by the City and authorized to perform the duties assigned to the City Engineer, and shall include any deputies and representatives.

Civil Engineer

A professional engineer in the branch of civil engineering holding a valid certificate of registration issued by the State of Utah.

Class IV Landfill

A landfill that is to receive only construction/demolition waste, yard waste, inert waste, dead animals, or upon meeting the requirements of Section 26-32a103.5 and section R315-320-3, waste tires and materials derived from waste tires.

Clearing & Grubbing

Moving, removing, displacing, and/or stockpiling, by manual or mechanical means, trees, and other vegetation and/or the top organic layer as described in the geotechnical report. In the absence of a geotechnical report the organic layer will not be greater than eight (8”) inches.

Coir Rolls and Coir Mats

Coir rolls and coir mats are manufactured from coconut fibers and are frequently used as the structural and rooting medium for bioengineering systems.

Community Development Director

That person charged with the responsibility of directing all phases of the Community Development Department and the enforcement of all State statutes and City laws pertaining to his/her office, or his/her duly authorized representative.

Compaction

The act of compacting or consolidating soil and rock material to a specified density, and the resulting compacted state of the material.

Construction site

Any land area on which the activity of clearing and grubbing, grading, excavating, or filling is occurring.

Continuous Berm

A continuous berm is a temporary diversion dike or sediment barrier constructed with infill material, either soil, sand or aggregate, encased within geosynthetic fabric.

Contract Documents

The documents used in the construction of a given project including written and drawings. Written documents may include, but not limited to, the Bidding and Agreement Forms and Bonds, Conditions of the Contract and Technical Specifications. The drawings for the project are also legally considered part of the Contract Documents and are referenced as such in the written portion of the Contract Documents.

County

Salt Lake County, Utah

Crib Structure

A hollow structure constructed of mutually perpendicular, interlocking beams or logs.

Curb Inlet Sediment Barrier

Curb inlet sediment barriers are temporary barriers constructed from concrete block and gravel or gravel filled sandbags.

Cutting

A branch or stem pruned from a living plant.

Day

Shall be interpreted as a calendar day, unless otherwise specified.

Dentrification

A biological process in which nitrate (NO3), a compound of nitrogen often found in sewage or water, is turned into nitrogen gas, which can dissipate into the atmosphere.

Detention

The holding back or delaying of the flow of water, through manmade or natural means.

Detritus

A loose mass of decaying material.

Developer

An individual or organized group; partnership, corporation, etc.; proposing to subdivide or improve land which will require culinary water from the City’s system. Also defined in Title 89.

Developer’s Engineer

The engineer licensed by the State of Utah as a civil engineer, employed by the developer, under whose direction construction plans, profiles and details of the work are prepared and submitted to the City for review and approval.

Dredging

The practice of deepening a waterway by mechanical means by the removal of sediments.

Drop Inlet Sediment Barrier

A drop inlet sediment barrier is a temporary barrier placed around a drop inlet. The sediment barrier may be constructed of bales, wattles, and gravel, gravel and stone, block and gravel, or silt fence material.

Dry Ravel

Pertains to slopes whose soil materials are of such a consistency that they separate without the action of water, causing rills, gullies and other types of erosion. This would occur in soil materials where there is very little binder material such as clays and finer silts.

Earthen Berm

An earth mound used to direct flow of runoff around or through an area.

Easement

A recorded document in which the landowner gives the City permanent rights to construct and maintain City facilities across private or other property.

Emergent Plants

Aquatic plants that are rooted in the soil but whose leaves are at or above the water surface.

Energy Dissipator

An energy dissipator is a structure designed to slow water velocity and control erosion and encourage sediment entrapment at the outlet of a channel or conduit.

Enforcement Authority

The City Engineer, the Engineering Inspector and other designated representatives of the City Engineer, or any duly appointed Code Enforcement Officer or police official charged with the responsibility for enforcement of the provisions of the laws and ordinances of the City of West Jordan.

Engineer

A professional engineer or firm of professional civil engineers appointed by and acting for the Engineering Department in the case of a City sponsored capital project. In the case of a developer-sponsored project, the term refers to the engineer hired by the developer and may also be referred to as “developer’s engineer”.

Engineering Department

The City department responsible for planning, designing and construction of the City’s roadways and bridges, culinary water, sewer, secondary water and storm drainage systems.

Engineering Geologist

An engineering geologist registered by the State and capable of applying the geological sciences to engineering practices for the purpose of assuring that the geological features affecting the location, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for.

Engineering geology

The application of geologic knowledge and principles in the investigation and evaluation of naturally occurring rock and soil for use in the design of civil works.

Erosion

The process of detachment of soil particles or other surface material by the action of wind, water, snow or ice.

Erosion Control

Erosion control is any practice that protects the soil surfaces and prevents the soil particles from being detached by rainfall or wind. Erosion control, therefore, is a source control that treats the soil as a resource that has value and should be kept in place.

Erosion Control Blankets and Mats

The installation of protective mulch blankets or soil stabilization mats (turf reinforcement mats) to the prepared soil surface of a steep slope, channel or shoreline.

Erosion Control Hazard

An area or areas located within the boundaries of the City, which has been identified by the City Engineer and/or the Erosion Control Specialist as an erosion control hazard area due to the existence of steep slope terrain and/or erosive soils.

Erosion Control Measures

The structural and nonstructural Best Management Practices (B.M.P) that prevents displacement of soil particles by wind or water. This includes seeding, mulching, vegetative buffer strips, sod, plastic coverings, riprap, gabions, channel armoring methods, and other measures that prevents the displacement of soil particles.

Erosion Control Plan Preparer

A person having the qualifications list herein for Erosion Control Specialist.

Erosion Control Specialist

A person having at least ten years of professional level experience in the erosion and sediment control field or a civil engineer having at least six years of professional level experience in the erosion and sediment control field or a Soil Scientist having certified by the American Registry of Certified Professionals in Agronomy and having two years of professional level experience.

Established Vegetation

Vegetation that has been planted, germinated, and has growth to accomplish the following: (a) provide a ground cover equivalent to an adjacent undisturbed site; (b) a growth of a native community that is representative of an adjacent undisturbed site; and (c) the lack of rill and gully erosion.

Expansive Soil

Soil with an expansion of four-percent or more with a sixty-pound per square foot load applied under standard test methods as set forth by the City Engineer.

Face Planting

Planting live cuttings and other vegetation in the frontal openings of retaining structures.

Field Acceptance

Field acceptance is when the Engineering Department inspector approves the physical installation of the water system, roads, storm water, sewer, etc.

Fill

Deposits of soil, rock, or other materials placed by man.

Filter Fabric

A geotextile of relatively small mesh or pore size that is used to allow water to pass through while preventing sediment from passing through and preventing the mixing of soils into a B.M.P.

Filter Strips

Vegetated strips of land designated to filter storm water and encourage the settlings of pollutants. The vegetation is usually comprised of grasses, not trees or shrubs. Filter strips may be considered as a particular kind of buffer, one specifically engineered to reduce pollutant loads.

Final Acceptance

The City Engineer acceptance or final acceptance follows field acceptance and is when the City Engineer approves both physical improvements as well as the administrative items associated with development, and the Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations Department accepts ownership and operations and maintenance responsibilities.

Finished Grade

The final grade or elevation of the building site, slope or terrace (0.1 plus or minus feet).

Gabion

Rectangular wire baskets filled with stones used as pervious, semi-flexible building blocks. Live rooting branches may be placed between the rock-filled baskets.

Geotechnical Engineer

A civil engineer as described herein with experience of at least ten years as a geotechnical engineer.

Grade

The elevation of the ground surface as measured from a known vertical control. Existing Grade means grade currently on the site. Natural grade means the grade unaltered evidenced by the presence of indigenous plants and grasses.

Grade Stabilization

The maintenance of a gentle, non-eroding gradient on a watercourse of land surface.

Grading

Includes the act or result of digging, excavating, transporting, spreading, depositing, filling, compacting, settling, or shaping of land surfaces and slopes, and other operations performed by or controlled by human activity involving the physical movement of rock or soil.

Grading and Erosion Control Design and Construction Standards

The City of West Jordan Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards.

Gravity Retaining Walls

Retaining structures that resist lateral earth forces and overturning primarily by their weight.

Gulley

A narrow, rocky valley or channel with steep sides, made by a fast flowing stream.

Headcut Structure

Where a gully grows and lengthens at its upstream end is called the headcut or ‘nick point’. Headcut structures consist of rocks, sandbags or other erosion resistant materials placed at the gully headcut to prevent erosion. These components may be used with live willow stakes to promote vegetative growth.

Hydraulic Planting

Hydraulic planting is a method of applying erosion control materials (mulch) to bare soil and establishing erosion-resistant vegetation on disturbed areas and critical slopes.

IBC

International Building Code

Induced Wetlands

Those areas that are inundated by seasonal irrigation water which is intended for agricultural purpose.

Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations Department

The City department responsible for operations and maintenance of the City’s roadway, culinary water, secondary water, sanitary sewer, and storm drainage system.

Inspector

An employee or agent of the City engaged to observe and record field compliance with design criteria, plans and construction standards.

Land Disturbance

Any disturbance of native soils, plants, or environment, which causes degradation of the environment and makes it more subject to erosion. Such activities include clearing and grubbing, grading excavation, filling, dredging, construction of earth-filled dams and any other types of earthwork.

Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards

The City of West Jordan Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards which have been prepared by City staff and reviewed, approved by the City Manager.

Land Disturbance Permit

The land disturbance permit required by the City in order to initiate any type of land disturbance including pioneering roads, deposition of fill material, excavation of soil material, general grading, or other activity conducted by man which will disturb natural vegetation or soil.

Landfill

A disposal facility where solid waste is placed in or on the land and which is not a land treatment facility or a surface impoundment. The definition of a landfill is as found in the state codes R315-301-2-37.

Land Grading for Minimizing Erosion

Land grading for minimizing erosion is grading that is intended to minimize the impacts of surface erosion and runoff.

Landscape Architect

A landscape architect licensed as such under the laws of the State.

Landtreament Landfarming

Landtreatment, landfarming, or landscaping facility, means a facility or a part of a facility where solid waste is applied onto or incorporated into the soil surface for the purpose of biodegradation. The definition of a landtreatment facility is found in the state codes R315-301-2-38.

Lateral Earth Pressure

The horizontal pressure exerted by soil against a retaining structure.

Limits of Disturbance (L.O.D.)

Means the area of total land disturbance including area to be graded, soil stockpile areas, staging areas and additional area required to accomplish the required grading.

Lined Channels

Vegetation lining a natural or constructed waterway, swale or dike to protect it from erosion.

Live Branch Cuttings

Living, freshly cut branches of woody shrub and tree species that propagate from cuttings embedded in the soil.

Live Cribwall

A hollow, structural wall formed out of mutually perpendicular and interlocking members, usually timber, in which live cuttings are inserted through the front face of the wall into the crib fill and or natural soil behind the wall.

Live Fascines

Bound, elongated sausage like bundles of live cut branches that are placed in shallow trenches, partly covered with soil, and staked in place to arrest erosion, shallow soil mass movements, and establish vegetation.

Live Staking

Live stake planting involves the insertion and tamping of live, vegetative cuttings into the ground in a manner that allows the stake to take root and grow.

Lot Level

Design, construction and infrastructure related specifically to a given lot. The comparison of lot level facilities versus subdivision level facilities is the issue of concern.

Manufacturer’s Recommendation

The published recommendations of the manufacturer of a specific product for a specific application. In some situations additional manufacturer recommendations would be in order to receive and use. These recommendations are to address the site-specific conditions, site-specific recommendations, and be authored by an employee of the manufacturer. All recommendations will not be interpreted by the City as a guarantee or warranty.

Mass Movement

The movement of large, relatively intact masses of earth and or rock along a well-defined shearing surface as a result of gravity and seepage.

Minimize Disturbance and Buffer Strip

Minimizing disturbance and maintaining buffer strips is a planning process which retains natural vegetative cover and also maintains undisturbed vegetative buffer strips near watercourses.

Mulch Protection

A verifiable method of protecting the seed prior to, during and after germination, until the vegetation is established enough to prevent erosion for specific site protection. The mulch protection is to last a minimum of three months to a maximum of four years.

Mulching

Mulching is the application of a protective layer of virgin wood fiber or other suitable material to the soil surface. Mulch and/or hydromulch are also used in conjunction with seeding and hydroseeding of critical areas for the establishment of temporary or permanent vegetation. Mulching with straw or wood fiber mulch is commonly used as a temporary measure to protect bare or disturbed soil areas that have not been seeded.

NPDES

The National Pollution Discharge Elimination System of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and its related requirements. Phase I of the NPDES became effective in 1993 and governed large and medium sized municipalities, and construction sites of 5 acres or more. Phase II was approved on October 29, 1999 and will directly affect activities in City of West Jordan, including all construction sites of 1 acre or more.

Native Planting Window

The time period during which native planting materials or seeds are most likely to produce live plant material. This usually occurs during the spring and fall of each year when natural moisture may be available in assisting native plant species in germinating.

Natural Runoff Channel or Stream

The predevelopment condition of naturally occurring channels or streambeds. Streambeds or channels caused by naturally occurring water flows. Not man-made.

Normal Inspection Hours

Services provided pursuant to or in connection with the provisions of this title shall mean from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holidays. Holidays shall be defined as those week-days (exclusive of Saturday’s) shown as nonworking days on the working day calendar of the City.

Notice of Noncompliance/Notice to Correct

The notice issued by the Enforcement Authority for required action to achieve compliance with the provisions of this chapter.

Notice of Violation

A notification issued by the City of a violation or alleged violation of the grading, erosion control, or sedimentation control provisions of this chapter, in which is specified the nature of the violation and the degree of sanctions imposed.

Opacity

The factor that is used to determine the thickness or density of fugitive dust leaving a site.

Overland Release

An area, swale, or structure that provides for the passage of storm water runoff exceeding the design-frequency storm event of the storm water conveyance system.

Owner

May be either the City, individual homeowner, or Developer of the project, depending upon the stage the project. Typically the Developer is the Owner up to and including the time the project is accepted by the City. After final acceptance, the City would be typically considered to be the Owner or ownership responsibilities would be passed on to individual homeowners. The City will own public rights-of-way and private property owners will have ownership of the lots.

Permanent Seeding

The establishment of a permanent, perennial vegetative cover on disturbed areas from seed.

Permit

See land disturbance permit.

Permit Holder

The applicant in whose name a valid permit is issued pursuant to this chapter and the applicant’s agents, employees, and designated representatives.

Person

Any individual, corporation, partnership, association of any type, public agency, or any other legal entity.

Photodegradable polypropylene

Material used in conjunction with erosion blankets and turf reinforcement mats which deteriorates with exposure to sunlight. It initially protects the slope or other denuded area from wind and water erosion, provides seed bed protection, and then deteriorates allowing plant materials to grow up through the material.

Plans

Drawings of erosion control measures, roadways, bridges, water pipelines, reservoirs or other structural/nonstructural devices.

Planting Date

The date native seed can be applied without temporary irrigation, October 15, through May 1, or as determined by the City’s Engineering Department.

Plate No.

Where not specified to the contrary, this refers to plates attached to these standards.

Project

A site that has obtained Final Plat approval from City Council.

Pure Live Seed (P.L.S.)

The actual amount of seed applied to a disturbed area to be revegetated. To determine P.L.S. multiply the percent of purity shown on the seed tag by the percent germination shown on the seed tag then by 100.

Quadrant Frame Method

The method of random sampling of an area to determine successful revegetation. The following items will be compared to an adjacent undisturbed site: (a) on herbaceous canopy cover equivalent to an adjacent undisturbed site to provide protection against drought and erosion from wind or water; (b) a growth of a native vegetative that is representative of a adjacent undisturbed site species abundance; and (c) the lack of rill and gully erosion.

Required

Unless specifically otherwise indicated, this shall mean a requirement of the City Engineer.

Restoration and Revegetation Costs

Costs required for the restoration of disturbed areas and which are set by City resolution or ordinance on a subdivision level.

Retention

The holding of runoff in an area without release except by means of evaporation, infiltration, or emergency bypass.

Revetment

A facing, as of stone or concrete, to sustain an embankment.

Riparian Area

A strip of land that borders a stream or river, often coincides with the maximum water surfaces elevation of the 100 year or record storm.

Riprap

Riprap is a layer of stone or rock designed to protect and stabilize areas subject to erosion.

Rock Lined Channel

Rock-lined channels are channels or roadside ditches lined with rock or riprap.

Rough Grade

The approximate elevation of the ground surface conforming to the proposed design (0.5 plus of minus feet).

Scheduling

Sequencing the construction project to reduce the amount and duration of soil exposed to erosion by wind, rain, runoff, and vehicle tracking. The construction sequence schedule is an orderly listing of all major land-disturbing activities together with the necessary erosion and sedimentation control measures planned for a project. This type of schedule guides the contractor on work to be done before other work is started so that serious erosion and sedimentation problems can be avoided.

Sediment

The transport of soil or earth material by wind, water, snow or ice.

Sediment Control

The structural and nonstructural Best Management Practices that contains the deposited, displaced soil particles caused by erosion. This may include, but not limited to, dikes, sediment detention traps, sediment detention basins, filters, fences, barriers, swales, berms, drains, check dams, and other measures that control the deposition of soil or earth material.

Sedimentation

The deposition of soil or earth material by wind, water, snow or ice.

Sequence of Construction

The suggested procedure of land disturbance and land reclamation to accomplish the goals of this chapter within the City.

Sheetflow

A runoff characteristic which water flows over the land as a thin even layer, not concentrated.

Silt Fence

A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of filter fabric attached to supporting posts and entrenched in the soil.

Site

A parcel or parcels of real property owned by one or more than one person on which activity regulated by this chapter is occurring or is proposed to occur.

Slope

A portion of ground forming a natural or artificial incline, including a retaining wall.

Slope Drain

A temporary slope drain is a flexible tubing, pipe, overside drain, or other conduit extending from the top to the bottom of a cut or fill slope.

Slope Scaling

This remedial activity (usually done by manual labor) involves grading the slope to fill in rills and gullies, slumps, and other depressions that concentrate surface runoff. Slope scaling is necessary to repair slopes prior to wattling, brush packing or erosion control blanket installation.

Solid Waste Landfill

Solid waste means any garbage, refuse sludge, including sludge from a waste treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control faulty, or other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations and from community actives but does not include solid or dissolved materials in a domestic sewage or in a irrigation return flows or discharges for which a permit is required under Title 19, Chapter 5, Water Quality Act or under the Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C., Section 1251, et, seq. The definition of a solid wasteland fill is found in the state statues 19-6-102-17(a).

Slough Wall

A wall designed to retain nuisance earth material and keep it in place.

Soil

All earth material, of whatever origin, which overlies bedrock.

Soils Engineer

A civil engineer duly registered by the State who is experienced in soil mechanics and slope stability analysis. His primary duties shall encompass the investigation of proposed grading sites and plats as related to the stability of the finished graded product. The soils engineer shall have proper laboratory facilities available in which to perform any and all testing required to properly evaluate materials under consideration.

Staff Engineer

A registered civil engineer employed by the City and designated by the City Engineer to act on the City’s behalf.

Standard Drawings

The City’s standard drawings for construction projects contained in this standard in Appendix A. Standard drawings also refers to those drawings contained in other design and construction standards of the City including Culinary Water, Road and Bridge, Storm Drain and Flood Control design and construction standards.

Step Transect Method

The method of sampling of an area to determine successful revegetation. The following items will be compared to an adjacent undisturbed site: (a) on herbaceous canopy cover equivalent to an adjacent undisturbed site; (b) a growth of native vegetative that is representative of a adjacent undisturbed site species abundance; and (c) the lack of rill and gully erosion.

Structural Streambank Stabilization

Stabilization of eroding streambanks with designed structural measures.

Structure

Anything constructed or erected which requires location on the ground or is attached to something having location on the ground.

Subdivision Level

Design, construction and infrastructure related generally to subdivision systems such as drainage, culinary water, wastewater systems, etc. The comparison of subdivision level facilities versus lot level facilities is the issue of concern.

Surface Roughening

A technique for roughening a bare soil surface with furrows running across the slope, stair stepping, or tracking with construction equipment. Tracks must be accomplished with indentations running on the slope contour.

Swales

Shallow grassed trenches that are wider than they are deep that provide a specific pathway for incoming flow.

Technical Specifications

Sections of the construction specifications in Appendix B of the Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards.

Temporary Sediment Basin

A pond created by excavation in construction of an embankment and designed to retain or detain runoff sufficiently to allow excess sediment to settle.

Temporary Seeding

The establishment of a temporary vegetative cover on disturbed areas by seeding with appropriate and rapidly growing annual grasses and/or forbs.

Terrace

A horizontal surface or step in a slope.

Theoretical Detention Time

The time for a runoff event is the average time parcels of water reside in the basin over the period of release from the B.M.P.

Topsoiling

Topsoiling is the preservation and use of topsoil to enhance final site stabilization with vegetation.

Vegetated Structures

A retaining structure in which living plant materials, cuttings, or transplants have been integrated into the structure.

Vegetative Cuttings

Live, cut stems and branches of plants that will root when embedded or inserted in the ground.

Vegetative Measures

The use of live cuttings, seeding, sodding, and transplanting in order to establish vegetation for erosion control and slope protection work.

Verifiable Testing Method

A method or material that has been tested by an independent testing facility under similar conditions. Example, existing site conditions have sandy soil with slope of a slope of 2 feet horizontal to one foot vertical (2:1). An acceptable erosion control material would have published test results in sandy soil with slope of 2:1.

Waterbars and Rolling Dips

Ridges or ridge-and-channels constructed diagonally across a sloping road or utility right-of-way that is subject to erosion.

Water Quality B.M.P

A B.M.P. specifically designed for pollutant removal.

Watercourse

A river, stream, creek, canal, basin, lake, pond, waterway, or channel, natural or man-made, having a defined bed and banks. Whenever a watercourse consists of both an ordinary channel and an overflow channel, the watercourse is deemed to include all property lying between the banks of the overflow channel. Watercourse would include both perennial and ephemeral flows situations.

Wattles

Wattles or live fascines are live branch cuttings, usually willows, bound together into long, cigar shaped bundles used to stabilize slopes and streambanks. Wattles may also be straw materials used for temporary sediment control.

Wet Weather Plan

A detailed erosion and sediment control plan and construction sequence that clearly shows how construction will process after October 1 of each year Until May 1, of each year.

Wetlands

Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, such as swamps, bogs and marshes. Jurisdictional wetlands are those wetlands regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Yard Waste

Vegetative cover matter resulting from landscaping, land maintenance, and clearing operations including grass clippings, pruning, and other discarded material generated from yards, gardens, parks, and other similar types of facilities. Yard waste does not include garbage, paper, plastic, sludge, septage, or manure.

1. Ordinances, requirements and applicable standards of governmental agencies having jurisdiction within the City’s service area shall be observed in the design and construction of roadways. Such requirements include but are not limited to current revisions of the following:

   1. Municipal Code of City of West Jordan
   2. State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste, Solid Waste Permitting and Management Rules, R315-301 through320
   3. State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality (Dust Control Permit Requirements)
   4. State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality (UPDES Requirements)
   5. U.S. Army Corp of Engineers
   6. Natural Resources Conservation Service

   A complete listing of all reference material is included in the back of these standards.

2. The clearing, grubbing and disposal of vegetative material needs to be in accordance with State and county regulations, which apply to solid waste. This type of material has been determined to meet the requirements of solid waste as defined earlier in this section. Regulations which affect this disposal include:

   1. R315-301-4 Prohibition of Illegal Disposal or Incineration of Solid Waste states:

      “No person shall incinerate, burn, or otherwise dispose of solid waste in any place except at a facility which is in compliance with the requirements of Rules 315-301 through 320 and other applicable rules.”

   2. The regulations dealing with landfills are enforced on the local level by the counties the landfill or alleged violation to landfill regulations is in. In the event, the counties regulations are more restrictive than the State regulations the counties regulations govern. Salt Lake County regulations are more restrictive than the states, so the Salt Lake County’s regulations govern. The contact person for Salt Lake County is:

      Ms. Mary Pat Buckman – Salt Lake County

The Engineering Department is responsible for all land disturbance activities throughout the City until said areas have been stabilized with vegetation, asphalt, concrete and accepted by the City.

The Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) Department is responsible for the operation and maintenance of all public roadways, sanitary sewer, storm drainage, secondary water and culinary water systems within the public right-of-way.

The Building Division is responsible for the residential and commercial building sites after final grade has been reached. The revegetated areas outside of the right-of-way and storm water management facilities are the only exceptions.

These standards establish uniform policies and procedures for the design and construction of the City grading, erosion, revegetation and sediment control facilities. This standard is not a substitute for the knowledge, experience, or judgment of professionals in their respective area of expertise in the agronomy, revegetation, conservation, and engineering discipline. The methods and procedures contained herein shall be reviewed by the developer’s engineer or designer using them as applicable to site-specific conditions of the project they are working on. Where actual site conditions deem these standards and procedures not applicable, the engineer or designer shall request a variance from these standards or procedures as provided herein.

It is the developer engineer’s responsibility to be aware of the City’s ordinance for grading, erosion, revegetation, and sedimentation control improvements and to indicate any areas, which requires work in these areas. This responsibility shall include investigating any changes from the Master Plan necessitated by development subsequent to the Master Plan, although the above shall not relieve the developer from the responsibility to provide an approved system consistent with Engineering Department requirements.

All plans, specifications, report or documents pertaining to erosion control, vegetation or revegetation shall be prepared or reviewed by certified professionals. Each of these documents shall be signed and stamped with a professional engineer seal, to indicate responsibility for them. A wet stamp is required on all documents except reproducible plans, where a stamp on the original is acceptable.

A “Preliminary Review” and or “Plans Approved for Construction” stamp or signature of the City on the plans does not in any way relieve the developer’s engineer of the responsibility to meet all requirements of the City. The plans shall be revised or supplemented at any time it is determined that the City’s requirements have not been met. Generally, plans that are signed as being authorized for construction will not require revisions based upon subsequent revisions to these standards, however, when in the Engineering Department’s opinion, a change to the project is necessary, based upon a significant change in the standards, which significantly affects public safety, future maintenance costs, or similar concerns, such a change may be required during construction by the City Engineer. Changes may also be required in the case where a developer does not proceed to construction within the time allowed in the agreement with the City.

References to standards such as AASHTO, APWA or ASTM shall refer to the latest edition or revision of such standards unless otherwise specified.

The City Engineer will not accept the land disturbance until all applicable requirements of these standards and of the City of West Jordan Municipal Code have been met.

These standards do not contain metric conversions in some sections because of the extent of numerical data or information.

Nothing contained in the construction specifications in Appendix B, or in any other part of this standard as implying the City will pay for any of these improvements. In addition to the construction specifications being used for defining private development work, they are also used for City capital improvement projects, and therefore contain some language about methods of payment.

Section 2.0 establishes design criteria for land disturbance, grading, erosion control, sediment control, drainage, bioengineering, revegetation, and related development standards.

1. General – The City boundary includes the region generally east of the Oquirrh Mountains, south of 10200 South, west of the Jordan River, and north to 10200 South. A map showing the City’s boundary is contained in the standard drawings at the back of this document.

   Within the boundaries of City of West Jordan there are several historical and environmental features, which have contributed to the past and present character of City of West Jordan. The Kennecott Copper Mine, the historical Bonneville Lake shoreline and the wetland areas scattered throughout the City of West Jordan area are just a few of these features.

   These features also serve as winter rangeland for deer and elk and the wetland areas support several species of migratory birds. The educational and recreational experiences to be found in these areas are second to none. However, during the development surge in the late 1990’s, City of West Jordan experienced several development related items, which appeared to threaten these unique areas, which have concerned City of West Jordan. The City of West Jordan recognizes that the preservation of the mountain ranges, wetlands and other sensitive areas, enhance the natural scenic beauty of the area and also sustains the long-term potential for maintaining property values. This philosophy also encourages quality development while maintaining the original identity and character of the sensitive areas that originally attracted people to the West Jordan area.

   The sensitive areas spoken of also include elements, when balanced, provides environmentally sound ecological systems which prevent flooding, erosion and other natural hazards. For these reasons, the City Council has determined that in order to promote and protect health, safety, and welfare of the residents of the City of West Jordan and at the same time recognizing individual rights to develop private property, which will not be prejudicial to the public interest, it has been necessary to enact the standards and procedures contained herein.

   The City’s Engineering Department is responsible for all studies, design and construction for all land disturbance, grading, erosion control, revegetation efforts, and sedimentation facilities and the Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations Department is responsible for all operations and maintenance once they have been accepted by the City.

2. Design Professionals Qualifications – A number of design professionals are involved in the land disturbance design and implementation phase of a project. These include civil engineers, geotechnical engineers, erosion control specialists, and other professionals necessary to properly design and inspect the project. The following are generalized list of work activities which require professional qualifications to perform:

   1. Grading – Work under this item is required to be done by a combination of Civil Engineer and Geotechnical Engineer. These specialties are to be registered in the State of Utah. In addition to the design of a portion on the project, the engineer who performed the design is also to perform the inspection and verification of the work and a certification is to be provided to the City indicating the work performed meets the requirements of the original design. If design changes are contemplated during construction, the design engineer is to approach the City with a proposed revised plan, which is to be reviewed and approved in writing by the City prior to initiating work on the revision.

   2. Drainage – Work under this item is required to be done by a Civil Engineer. The Civil Engineer is to be registered in the State of Utah. In addition to the design of this portion on the project, the engineer who performed the design is also to perform the inspection and verification of the work and a certification is to be provided to the City indicating the work performed meets the requirements of the original design. If design changes are contemplated during construction, the design engineer is to approach the City with a proposed revised plan, which is to be reviewed and approved in writing by the City prior to initiating work on the revision.

   3. Erosion and Sediment Control, Vegetation and Revegetation – Work under this item is required to be done by a qualified Certified Professional Erosion and Sediment Control Specialist or a person having adequate education and years of experience to indicate the person has sufficient knowledge to properly complete these types of designs and plans. The following general categories of persons may be considered qualified to perform this type of work. If through performance of the work it becomes apparent the individual does not possess the necessary knowledge to properly complete the work, the design firm will be requested to find another individual to complete the work or the City may require another firm be retained to complete the work.

      1. A person having at least ten years of professional level experience in the erosion and sediment control field and has been accepted for testing to become a Certified Professional Erosion and Sediment Control Specialist, or
      2. A Certified Professional Erosion and Sediment Control Specialist who is actively involved in designing, installing, or regulating projects within the erosion control field, or
      3. A Civil Engineer/Landscape Architect having at least six years of professional level experience in the erosion and sediment control field, or
      4. A Soil Scientist having certification by the American Registry of Certified Professionals in Agronomy and having two years of professional level experience in erosion and sediment control, or
      5. A person have a Bachelor of Science* degree plus six years of professional level experience in the erosion and sediment control field.
      6. A person with a Master of Science* degree plus four years of professional level experience in the soil erosion and sediment control field, or
      7. A person with a Ph. D* plus two years of professional level experience in the soil erosion and sediment control field.

      *Note: Degree in engineering (agricultural, civil, or environmental), geology, soil science, natural resource science or management, or a related field is acceptable.

      Professionals, which are required to be licensed, are to be registered in the State of Utah. In addition to the design of this portion on the project, the professional who performed the design is also to perform the inspection and verification of the work and a certification is to be provided to the City indicating the work performed meets the requirements of the original design. If design changes are contemplated during construction, the design professional is to approach the City with a proposed revised plan, which is to be reviewed and approved in writing by the City prior to initiating work on the revision.

3. Master Plan Compliance – In designing facilities within the City, Developers and their engineers shall comply with the City’s current master plans, for the Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards, Storm Drainage, Flood Control and Transportation master plans apply specifically, Parks and Trails, along with other master plans, which the City has adopted.

4. Development Processing Manual – The City is in the process of completing a Development Processing Manual for private development work being processed through the City. The purpose of this manual is to document the City’s processes for various types of private development and provide the Developer with documentation, which will assist in completing development work within the boundaries of City of West Jordan.

   The manual was also prepared to assist City departments in understanding, coordinating and administering the processes and ensuring the processes and procedures are followed. To do this, various flow charts, schedules and checklists have been included in this manual. The flow charts are contained in the ‘Executive Summary’; the schedules are included in Sections 1 through 14, and checklist for the various processes are included in Appendix A through J. The Developer or Developer’s Engineer is responsible for completing the checklists and submitting them to the City with various drawings required as part of the development processing.

   This manual is meant as an aid and is not intended to replace the ordinances, codes, design and construction standards or other processes in place at the City. Should the Developer need additional information, he or she should search out the details in these ordinances, codes and standards.

5. Construction of the Project – In planning for construction of the project, the Developer needs to take into account the amount of disturbance, which may impact the project and in what order will need to be created to construct the project. Strict controls need to be placed on the Developer’s contactor to minimize the amount of disturbed soil and maximize the amount of natural vegetation preserved.

   1. Project Phasing – Vegetation cover and associated roots of native plants provide tensile strength to the soil and reduce the potential for excessive erosion. When vegetation can be maintained in an undisturbed state, the amount of sediment coming off the site is minimal and the inclusion of structural/nonstructural Best management Practices (BMP’s) is reduced.

      The construction project should be designed, selected and laid out so that it fits into existing land contours. Changing the contours significantly from existing grade will disturb more soil and increase development costs in grading, erosion control measures, sediment control and revegetation and will also disturb the atheistic value of the land.

      Clear and grub only those portions of the site where it is necessary for construction. The point to be emphasized is the less soil disturbed relates directly to reduced development costs.

   2. Maximize the natural vegetation preserved – Preservation of natural vegetation on a site needs to be planned before the site disturbance begins. Preservation requires good site management to minimize the impact of construction activities on existing vegetation. The following is to be clearly indicated on the construction plans:

      1. Survey and stake the limits of disturbance (LOD) and have the City Inspector or Erosion Control Specialist review staking.
      2. Clearly mark the trees and shrubs not to be disturbed within the LOD.
      3. Create barriers to prevent the ground at the base of the trees and shrubs from being disturbed.
      4. Create natural vegetation buffer filter strips that are adjacent to roads and streams. The buffer filter strip width is to be designed based on riparian habitat, vegetative growth and pollutants to be removed for the water. Each buffer requires a site-specific design refer to the B.M.P. buffer section for design criteria.

6. Responsible Agencies – The following are agencies with which the Developer will, or may need to coordinate during construction of the project:

   1. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality – The Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality is responsible for ensuring compliance with its requirements for all areas of the City. The Developer or his contractor is responsible for obtaining an air quality permit from this agency and is responsible for ensuring that operations of the project comply with the permit if the site is over one (1) acre.
   2. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality – The Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality is responsible for ensuring compliance with its requirements for all areas of the City under the Utah Pollution Discharge Elimination System (UPDES) requirements. The Developer or his contractor is responsible for obtaining a UPDES permit from this agency and is responsible for ensuring that operations of the project comply with the permit.
   3. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste – The Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste is responsible for ensuring compliance with its requirements for all areas of the City as it regards green waste or other solid waste. The Developer or his contractor is responsible for obtaining the necessary permits and approvals from this agency for the project and is responsible for ensuring that operations of the project comply with these permits.
   4. City of West Jordan – City of West Jordan also has several ordinances and standards, which the Developer and his contractor need to be aware of and comply with. These include:
      1. Hillside Overlay District Ordinance
      2. Title 81 – Land Disturbance Ordinance
      3. Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards
      4. Title 90, Chapter 4 – Stormwater Discharges and Stormwater Quality Management Ordinance
      5. West Jordan City Design and Construction Standards

7. Hillside Overlay District – In preparing plans and designs for a project, the Developer also needs to take into account requirements of the Hillside Overlay District Ordinance. The Developer must obtain a copy of the ordinance and comply with its provisions. The following checklists are provided in Appendix D for the developer’s convenience:

   1. Hillside Overlay District Ordinance, Conceptual Approval (Concept Plan) Checklist
   2. Hillside Overlay District Ordinance, Preliminary Approval (Preliminary Plat) Checklist
   3. Hillside Overlay District Ordinance, Final Approval (Final Plat) Checklist

   An additional discussion of the ordinances provisions is contained in the City’s Development Processing Manual.

1. General – Severe erosion is caused by the action of wind, rainfall, snow and runoff on bare soil. Clearing, grading, and other construction activities remove the vegetation and compact the soil, increasing both runoff and erosion. Excessive runoff causes gully erosion, increased stream bank erosion, poor water quality and results in increased off-site erosion, sedimentation, mudflows and flooding problems. Effective erosion and sediment control can be achieved by careful attention to the following principles:

   1. Protect the land surface from erosion.
   2. Manage runoff and keep water surface velocities low.
   3. Capture sediment on-site.
   4. Integrate erosion and sediment control with the construction schedule.
   5. Inspect and maintain the erosion and sediment control practices before, during and after construction.

   The following are principles for controlling erosion and off-site sedimentation from construction sites:

   1. Fit the development to the existing topography, soils, and vegetation as much as is possible.
   2. Schedule construction operations in order to minimize soil exposure during the wet season.
   3. Minimize disturbance and soil exposure by retaining natural vegetation, adopting phased construction techniques, and using temporary cover.
   4. Vegetate and mulch all denuded areas to protect the soil from winter rains. The primary efforts for controlling sediment pollution from construction sites are to minimize raindrop impacts on bare soil.
   5. Utilize proper grading, barriers, or ditches to minimize concentrated flows and divert runoff away from denuded slopes or other critical areas.
   6. Minimize the steepness of slopes and control the length of slopes by utilizing benches, terraces, contour furrows, wattles or diversion ditches.
   7. Utilize riprap, channel linings, or temporary structures in the channel to slow runoff velocities and allow the drainage ways to handle the increased runoff from disturbed and developed areas.
   8. Keep the sediment on-site by utilizing sediment basins, traps, or sediment barriers.
   9. Monitor and inspect sites frequently to assure the measures are functioning properly and correct problems promptly.

2. Vegetation as a Solution

   Dense, healthy vegetation and the associated leaf litter protect the soil from raindrop impact. Raindrop impact is a major force in dislodging soil particles, which then allows them to move down slope or form a crust on the soil surface. When a crust forms on the soil surface the rainfall infiltration rate decreases and runoff increases.

   Vegetation also protects the soil from sheet and rill erosion. It shields the soil surface from the transport of soil particles and scour from overland flow (sheet flow) and it decreases the erosive energy of the flowing water by reducing velocity.

   The shielding effect of the plant canopy and leaves is augmented by roots and rhizomes that hold the soil in place, improve the soil’s physical condition, and increase the rate of infiltration, further decreasing runoff. Plants also remove water from the soil through transpiration, thus increasing its capacity to absorb water.

   Suitable vegetative cover provides excellent erosion protection, and reduces the need for high cost, low efficiency, and high maintenance sediment control measures. Vegetative cover is relatively inexpensive to achieve and tends to be self-healing; it is often the only practical, long-term solution of stabilization and erosion control on most disturbed sites.

   Initial investigation of site characteristics and planning for vegetation stabilization reduces its cost, minimizes maintenance and repair, and makes other erosion and sediment control measures more effective and less costly to maintain. Permanent erosion control (post-construction landscaping) is also less costly where soils have not been eroded.

   Exposed subsoils are generally difficult to amend, are infertile, and require more irrigation. Natural, undisturbed areas can provide low-maintenance landscaping, shade, and privacy. Large trees increase property values when they are properly protected during construction.

   Besides preventing erosion, healthy vegetative cover provides a stable land surface, reduces heat reflectance and dust, restricts weed growth, and complements architecture. The result is a pleasant environment for employees, tenants and customers, and an attractive site for homes.

   Property values can be increased dramatically by small investments in erosion control. The final landscaping represents a small fraction of total construction costs, but can contribute greatly to an increased market value of the development. Healthy vegetation and planned development will reduce concentrated flows and peak discharge, thus reducing channel erosion and flooding. Good, healthy vegetative cover greatly reduces the environmental impacts that poor water quality and habitat reduction is having on rivers and streams.

3. Scheduling

   1. Purpose: Following a specified work schedule that coordinates the timing of land-disturbing activities and the installation of control measures is perhaps the most cost-effective way of controlling erosion during construction. The removal of surface ground cover leaves a site vulnerable to accelerated erosion. Construction procedures that limit land clearing provide the timely installation of erosion and sedimentation controls, and restore protective cover quickly can significantly reduce the erosion potential of a site.

   2. Design Considerations:

      1. Project design considerations: Design project to integrate into existing land contours Significant regrading of a site will require more costly erosion and sedimentation control measures and may require installation of on-site drainage and sediment control facilities.

      2. Incorporate existing natural areas: Inventory and evaluate the existing site terrain and vegetation. Disturbance of highly erosive natural areas (e.g., steep, unstable slope areas and watercourses) should be minimized, while protecting other areas may enhance site aesthetics. Construction should not disturb theses areas

      3. Avoid rainy periods: Schedule major grading operations during dry months of April through October. Allow enough time before rainfall begins to stabilize the soil with vegetation or physical means or to install temporary sediment trapping devices.

      4. Practice erosion and sediment control year round: Erosion may be caused during dry seasons by “freak” rainfall, wind and vehicle tracking. Therefore, keep the site stabilized year-round, and maintain wet season sediment trapping devices. Material which becomes too dry and causes a dust problem will need to be wetted to meet City, County and State requirements.

      5. Apply perimeter control practices: Protect the disturbed areas from off-site runoff and prevent sedimentation damage to areas below the development site by applying perimeter control devices.

      6. Minimize soil exposed at one time: Schedule projects to disturb only small portions of the site at any one time. Complete grading as soon as possible. Immediately stabilize the disturbed portion before grading the next portion. Practice staged seeding in order to revegetate cut and fill slopes as the work progresses.

      7. Trenching: Close and stabilize open trenches as soon as possible. Sequence trenching projects so that most open portions of the trench are closed before new trenching is begun.

      8. Maintain erosion and sediment control during construction period, start to finish.

4. Land Grading for Minimizing Erosion

   1. Purpose: Where land grading is necessary for road or building construction, these land-grading practices are intended to minimize the erosion potential and facilitate plant establishment.

   2. Design Considerations: Design considerations should include the following:

      1. existing contours;
      2. land use;
      3. vegetation;
      4. soil;
      5. drainage;
      6. slope stability;
      7. slope length;
      8. slope angle;
      9. space limitations;
      10. erosion potential of land disturbance; and
      11. erosion and sediment control measure practicality.
      12. Existing or proposed wetlands

      Development should fit existing topography as much as possible so that land disturbance is minimized.

      Slope steepness and excessive slope lengths should be kept to a minimum. Benches, steps, or contour furrows can be installed on long slopes to break up the slope length. A bench should be graded back towards the slope and drain with a gentle gradient to a stable outlet.

      Drainage from upland areas should be diverted away from exposed slopes.

5. Minimize Disturbance and Buffer Strip

   1. Purpose: Erosion can be reduced ninety-eight (98%) percent by protecting the soil from raindrop impact. Existing native vegetation usually provides the best soil protection. One of the most effective erosion control measures is to only disturb areas immediately needed for construction.

      Water quality and wildlife habitat degradation can be greatly reduced by maintaining streamside buffer strips and riparian corridors. These buffer strips act to filter sediment from the surface runoff before it reaches the watercourse. The small drainage and intermittent streams and channels are the sediment delivery systems to rivers and lakes. If sediment can be kept out of the delivery systems, by maintaining buffer strips, then the sediment will not impact the fisheries or cause other water quality impacts.

   2. Planning Considerations:

      1. Existing native vegetation should be incorporated into the final landscaping plan. It is adapted to the site, drought tolerant, and will provide shade and erosion protection. Shrubs or trees can be thinned and pruned for beauty and fire hazard reduction.
      2. Existing trees should be protected as per City ordinances or other development requirements.
      3. If the area is not disturbed then it does not require erosion control and concentrated flows down slope will be greatly reduced.
      4. Buffer strips around the perimeter of a site can reduce or eliminate off-site sedimentation.

   3. Design Criteria:

      1. Designate areas of no disturbance. Clearly show on the SWPPP plans, and flag in the field areas of no disturbance and construction vehicle exclusion.
      2. Designate trees and shrubs that are to be preserved.
      3. Designate watercourse buffer-filter strips on the site design plan. See Guide to Small Roads, USDA-SCS for more information.
      4. Maintain and preserve riparian and naturally vegetated buffer strips along watercourses.
      5. The width of a buffer strip between a road and the stream is recommended to be 50 feet plus four times the slope of the land in percent, measured between the road and the top of stream bank. Coordinate with setback requirements for canal and channel setbacks.
      6. Buffer width in feet = 50 + 4(% slope).

      Example: For a 10% slope, buffer length is 50 feet + (4)(10) = 90 feet.

1. General – The common reason erosion and sediment control practices are ineffective is that the wrong BMP is implemented for the type of control needed. A sediment control BMP should not be used for erosion control and an erosion control BMP should not be used when a runoff control is needed. When the needed control is treated with the wrong type of BMP, failure normally occurs.

   For example, a silt fence is placed a cross a slope to prevent erosion. Maybe the designer wanted to stop sheet and rill erosion. In actual practice the silt fence collected and concentrated water, which was diverted to a low spot where the fence becomes overloaded and failed. An erosion control BMP should have been chosen to treat the erosion problem. Silt fences are intended for sediment control and should, therefore, be installed in relatively flat areas suitable for ponding water and depositing sediment. A good way to avoid confusion when choosing BMPs is to have a clear understanding of what type control is needed and what are the corresponding BMPs.

   There are three general categories of controls that have distinct treatments associated with them;

   1. erosion control
   2. runoff control
   3. sediment control.

2. Erosion Control – Erosion control is any practice that protects the soil surfaces and prevents the soil particles from being detached by rainfall or wind. Erosion control, therefore, is a source control that treats the soil as a resource that has value and should be kept in place.

   What are some erosion control BMPs?

   1. Key Point: The most efficient and economical long-term method of controlling sheet, rill and raindrop impact erosion is to establish vegetative cover from seed. Vegetation can reduce erosion by more than ninety (90%) percent by protecting the soil from raindrop impact and sheet erosion.

      When erosion control BMPs are implemented and maintained, the amount of sediment associated with runoff waters can be dramatically reduced. Whenever possible prioritize or design for erosion control first and sediment control second. Some important points to remember:

      1. Exiting or new vegetative cover is the primary erosion control practice.
      2. Retain existing vegetation by minimizing disturbance and scheduling large land disturbances during periods of expected dry weather.
      3. Establishing cover immediately after disturbance (staging) is important.
      4. Temporary erosion control is usually achieved by seeding and watering with fast growing annual grasses and/or protecting the soil with mulch or erosion blankets. Plant seed mix is to be approved by the Engineering Department and the Parks Department staff.
      5. Permanent erosion control usually involves planting perennial grasses, shrubs, and trees.

   2. Key Point: The selection of the right plant material for the site, choosing the correct mulching technique and proper seedbed preparation are critical for effective erosion control. Surface roughening, contour furrows, and stepped slopes are essential to establish vegetation. Straw bales are not recommended in the city.

   3. Costs – Non-structural erosion control practices are generally more cost-effective than sediment control. For example, the cost of temporary seeding one acre would be comparable to the cost of installing 200 LF of silt fence (for a 1 acre drainage) or equivalent to the cost of constructing a temporary sediment trap designed for a one-acre drainage. However, the practice of temporary seeding would probably be more effective, while the silt fence and sediment trap will require regular and costly maintenance.

   4. Key Point: Erosion control is, generally, more cost-effective than sediment control and requires less maintenance and repair.

3. Runoff Control (See Appendix A – 5200)

   1. General – Construction activities usually result in the removal of vegetative cover and increases in impermeable surfaces, both of which increase the volume and velocity of runoff. Increases of storm water volume and velocity lead to increased erosion (gulling) in the sediment transport and off-site delivery (sedimentation). These increases must be addressed when implementing erosion and sediment control.

      Runoff control measures are those practices, which mitigate for the erosive and sediment transport forces of storm water during and after construction activities. Some examples of runoff control might include, outlet protection (energy dissipators), diversion dikes and swales, temporary slope drains, rock lined channels, turf reinforcement mats, grass-lined channels, and temporary stream crossings.

   2. Key Point: Runoff control involves the use of structures to reduce velocities and/or safely carry storm water in a manner, which reduces erosion and sediment transport.

      The energy equation, E = mv2, where E = erosive Energy, m = unit density of water, and v = the runoff velocity, demonstrates that if you reduce the velocity of running water by 1/2 you will reduce the erosive energy by 4 times. To reduce runoff energy implement practices which use the 4 D’s.

      Decrease – decrease the amount of runoff
      Detain – decrease the velocity
      Divert – divert runoff to less erodable areas
      Dissipate – spread the runoff out

      Rill and gully erosion is caused by concentrated runoff. Methods that reduce runoff velocity, such as check dams, vegetated channels or riprap, will also reduce the potential for sediment transport. An alternative to reducing the runoff energy of storm water is to convey that runoff through or along non-erodable surfaces, i.e., culverts and slope drains.

   3. Key Point: Temporary check dams, especially straw bale dams, are not recommended for any flowing water conditions. Straw bales and silt fences are sediment control BMPs, not runoff control BMPs and should not be placed in channel flow (runoff) areas.

      What are some runoff control BMPs?

4. Sediment Control (See Appendix A – 5300)

   1. General – Sedimentation is the deposition of soil particles that have been transported by water or wind. The amount of sediment produced during construction is directly proportional to the degree and effectiveness of erosion control practices implemented. The quantity and size of the particles transported increases with the velocity of the runoff or wind.

      Sediment control is used to keep sediment, the product of erosion, on-site. Sediment control involves the construction of structures that allow sediment to settle out of suspension. Sediment control structures, therefore, require frequent inspection and maintenance. Generally, sediment is retained on-site by two methods: a) slowing runoff velocities, as they flow through an area, sufficiently so that sediment cannot be transported, and b) impounding sediment-laden runoff for a period of time so that the soil particles settle out.

      Sediment controls are not filters. Practices referred to as “sediment filtering” actually works by slowing water velocities and allowing sediment impoundment to de-water in a very slow and controlled manner. For effective sediment control planning and design, materials such as geotextiles, silt fences, straw wattles and straw bales should be considered for their ability to impound water and slow runoff velocities, not for their ability to “filter” sediment.

   2. Key Point: Effective sediment control involves ponding sediment-laden runoff long enough for the soil particles to settle out of suspension. Reducing runoff velocities will also reduce sediment transport and thereby help retain sediment on-site.

      What are some effective sediment control BMPs?

   3. Key point: Structural sediment control can be divided into three general types; 1) sediment basins, 2) sediment traps, and 3) sediment barriers.

      1. Temporary sediment basins are recommended for the outlet of disturbed drainage areas ranging from 5 ac. to 100 ac. , see Appendix A 5332. Sediment basins should be designed by a qualified professional.

      2. Temporary sediment traps are recommended for disturbed drainage areas less than 5 ac. A typical sediment trap designed to handle 0.5-inches of runoff over a 24 hour period would require a settling zone capacity of 67 yd3 / ac. of contributing drainage area and a sediment storage capacity of 33 yd3 / ac. of drainage area.

         1. Excavated sediment traps require less rigorous design work, are smaller in size and they are easier to construct, therefore, a preferable alternative is to sub-divide large projects into smaller sub areas (less than 5 ac) and utilize numerous sediment traps. Multiple traps and / or additional volume may be required to accommodate site-specific rainfall and soil conditions. This approach may facilitate phased construction along relatively narrow highway right of way.
         2. Excavated storm drain inlets are small excavated sediment traps located at storm drain inlets are effective as part of phased construction. The design capacity of excavated inlet sediment traps shall be 67 yd3 / acre of contributing drainage area. These excavations are temporary and they are not very effective for trapping small particles (silt and clay) and they should not be used where runoff velocities are high.

      3. Sediment barriers are BMPs that are intended to separate sediment from sheet flow runoff. They function by reducing runoff velocity and ponding small quantities of storm water. Sediment barriers are only intended for areas experiencing sheet flow and they must be installed in areas that can pond water and accumulate sediment and, most importantly, the must be accessible for cleanout. Sediment barriers are the most common type of practices used on construction sites. The most common types of sediment barriers are as follows:

         1. Silt fence
         2. Straw bale dike
         3. Continuous berms
         4. Storm drain inlet barriers
         5. Straw wattles

1. General: Bioengineering uses plants and structures to function together in mutually reinforcing or complimenting roles. The structural components initially protect and stabilize the site and create a stable zone for the plants to grow.

   Bioengineering techniques are used to prevent erosion on upland slopes, to protect stream banks and channels against wave erosion in the coastal zones, or water quality ponds and these biotechnical earth support methods can also be utilized to provide slope stability.

2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Soil bioengineering techniques are generally appropriate for:

   1. Slopes to prevent surface erosion
   2. Cut and fill slopes stabilization
   3. Shallow mass wasting
   4. Gully repair
   5. Stream bank stabilization
   6. Shoreline stabilization
   7. Wetland mitigation
   8. Watershed rehabilitation

3. Planning Considerations:

   1. Soil bioengineering generally requires minimal access for equipment and workers and cause relatively minor site disturbance during installation. These practices are therefore considered appropriate for environmentally sensitive areas, such as parks, woodlands, riparian areas and scenic corridors where aesthetic quality, wildlife habitat and similar values may be critical.
   2. Bioengineering systems are often more cost effective than the use of vegetation or structural solutions alone. Using indigenous materials accounts for some of the cost effectiveness because plant costs are limited to labor for harvesting, handling and the direct costs of transporting plant material to the site.
   3. In bioengineering, the plant material itself may provide both the structural and vegetative components of the design. For example, in willow wattles, live staking and brushlayering the woody material is used to provide initial structural protection and later, vegetative cover.
   4. Bioengineering systems are most effective when installed during the dormant season, usually late fall, winter or early spring. Constraints on planting times or availability of the required quantities of suitable plant materials during allowable planting times may limit the usefulness of bioengineering methods.
   5. Bioengineering systems are strong initially and grow stronger with time as the vegetation becomes established. Bioengineering systems may withstand heavy rainfalls immediately after installation. Even if vegetation dies, its plant material and surface residue continues to play an important protective roll during vegetation establishment.
   6. Soil bioengineering is useful on small, highly sensitive or steep sites where the use of machinery is not feasible.
   7. Bioengineering practices are limited by the available medium for plant growth-rocky or gravelly slopes may lack sufficient fines or moisture to support plant growth or hard pans may prevent the required root growth. Adequate natural precipitation may also limit the applicability of bioengineering techniques.

4. Design Criteria: Choose plant materials that are adapted to the site conditions. Local stands of willow or other suitable species are already well suited to the climate, soil conditions and available moisture and they make good candidates for survival on most sites.

   When choosing live willow material for bioengineering applications, remember that young (less than 1 year old) wood or suckers will often sprout easier under optimum conditions, but healthy, older wood (1 to 4 years old) has greater vegetative (energy) reserves necessary to consistently sprout and the older wood is much stronger. If possible, mix younger wood with older wood for the bioengineering application such that a majority of the material is 1 to 4 years old.

   Research indicates that all cuttings should be soaked for a minimum of 24 hours, whether they are stored or harvested and immediately installed (Hoag 1991; Hoag et al. 1991; Hoag et al. 1992). Some research recommends soaking the cuttings for as much as 10 to 14 days (Briggs and Munda 1992; Frenchel et al. 1988).

5. Bioengineering Measures: The following practices have specific construction recommendations in this manual. For more information of these practices refer to the appropriate BMP.

   1. Vegetated rock gabion: Is a structure built of metal wire baskets filled with rock and soil. These structures are then interplanted with woody plant material. See Appendix A – 5405
   2. Straw rolls: Are long bags or nets filled with straw or similar material. They are placed along the contour of a slope or stream bank in order to reduce erosion and sedimentation. Commonly uses wood or live stakes to anchor the roll in place. See Appendix A – 5250.
   3. Live stake planting: Live stake planting is the planting of live, rootable, vegetative cuttings into the ground. See Appendix A – 5220
   4. Branchpacking: Consists of alternative layers of live branch cuttings and compacted backfill to repair small-localized slumps and holes in slopes.
   5. Brushlayering: Cuttings or branches are layered between successive lifts of soil fill to construct a reinforced slope. See Appendix A – 5200.
   6. Willow Wattles: Are woven bundles of woody branches typically from a species that is very rootable. This bundle is place along the contour of a slope or stream bank in order to reduce the length of the slope and provide vegetation as a buffer zone. They commonly have wood or live stakes to anchor the wattle in place. See Appendix A – 5260.
   7. Coir rolls: Fiber filled mesh logs used to stabilize shorelines, stream banks and wetlands. Coir rolls resist stream bank and wave erosion and provide a stable substrate for plant establishment. See Appendix A – 5250.
   8. Coir mats: Coir mats are dense, biodegradable mats are usually made of coconut fiber (coir), used to protect stream banks and wetland shores from erosion, trap sediment and provide a stable substrate for wetland plants. See Appendix A – 5210.

6. Inspection and Maintenance: Regular inspection and maintenance of bioengineering installations should be conducted, particularly during the first year. Prompt correction of any failures is essential to prevent major problems from developing. For the first 3 months, weekly inspections need to be made. After the three-month period, inspections can go to every two weeks for tow months, and then every mother thereafter.

1. General – The City’s basic philosophy of subdivision and lot design for grading and drainage is that the lot is to be so designed that the lot drainage be directed toward the street for disposal by the City’s storm drainage system. It is also the City’s philosophy to have each lot graded so as to maximize the amount of infiltration of storm water into the individual lot without increasing the potential for damage to structures constructed on the lot. Designers of subdivisions are also to include features on each lot, which prevent wherever possible, the cross-drainage of one lot to another, except in dedicated drainage easements. Where storm water drainage cannot be directed toward the public street, the designer is to provide for a subdivision level drainage system which is a private drainage system in the side and/or rear yards which provide for cross-lot drainage. Subdivision level storm water is to be disposed of to an approved storm water facility, which is to be approved by the City Engineer.

2. Preliminary Design Report – The developer is responsible for preparing a preliminary design report for this portion of the work and submitting it to the Engineering Department for review and approval, prior to proceeding forward with final design. The preliminary design report shall include preliminary information on geological, geotechnical and soils related issues related to the specific project. It shall also include preliminary information regarding the proposed storm drainage system for the project indicating how the applicant intends to grade the lots, streets and other portions of the project to address storm water runoff for the entire project. The intent of the preliminary design report is to provide sufficient information for general approval by the City prior to proceeding to final design. One of the purposes of this report is to streamline the development process by minimizing the need for costly revisions to the designs by involving the City early in design procedures. The applicant is to receive approval of the report prior to proceeding to final design.

3. Geotechnical Report – A geotechnical report, including a soils engineering and engineering geology report shall be required for the project as part of the final design report If the project lies within the Hillside Overlay District, these reports are required as part of the preliminary approval. The report shall include the following minimum requirements:

   1. Subsurface soil conditions including depth to, and consistency of, cemented deposits or bedrock, if encountered. Presence of collapsible/expansive soils.
   2. Groundwater levels as observed during fieldwork, seasonal fluctuations, and recommended remedial measures during and after construction.
   3. Geologic setting of site, geologic hazards, nearest location to the proposed construction, as well as means to mitigate such hazards.
   4. Liquefaction potential of the upper soils and recommended remedial measures.
   5. Excavatability of subsurface soil and/or bedrock deposits.
   6. Site grading recommendations including a discussion of anticipated excavation requirements, cut and fill slope stability, treatment and/or removal of unsuitable bearing soils, if encountered, and suitability of on-site material for use as structural fill
   7. Compaction requirements of native subgrade, general, fill and structural fill.
   8. Recommendations for winter fill placement.
   9. Recommendations regarding foundation type and depth, foundation alternatives, if warranted, and allowable bearing pressures, estimated total settlement and differential settlements.
   10. Lateral earth pressures and drainage requirements for design of retaining walls.
   11. Pavement section design and construction recommendations.
   12. Basement level and surface drainage control.
   13. Recommendations (specifications) for utility trench backfill within roadways.
   14. Corrosive soil conditions and recommended cement type to be utilized.
   15. Identify areas of contaminated soils and remediation plan.
   16. Recommendations regarding the scope of services for construction observation and testing during construction. The geotechnical engineering firm would be best consulted for obtaining additional information regarding their proposed scope of work and type and frequency of testing during construction.

   The consultant will present his/her opinions and recommendations in a formal written report, complete with logs of the explorations and laboratory test results, signed and stamped by an in-house professional geotechnical engineer.

4. Grading and Drainage Report – The developer shall prepare a grading and drainage report which is to include plans for storm water management, erosion control, and grading describing the methods by which surface water, natural drainages, flooding, erosion and sedimentation loss, and hydrologic hazards will be controlled during and after construction. The plan shall include:

   1. Stamps and Signatures of Licensed Professionals – The report is to include the stamps and signatures of the registered professionals who have prepared the report. Their stamps and signatures shall be affixed to the first interior page of the report. The professionals preparing this report are to be licensed professionals in the State of Utah for their respective professions. Those preparing the report shall include: a licensed civil engineer for the grading and drainage portions of the project, a certified erosion control specialist for the erosion and sedimentation loss portions of the work. The City may accept other professionals who have had at least 6 years experience with erosion and sedimentation loss for this portion of the report including landscape architects and civil engineers. The City reserves the right to accept or reject qualifications of professionals proposed to prepare the report.
   2. Grading Plan – The report is to include a grading plan for the project. This plan is to show present and proposed topography to include elevations, lines and grades including the location and depth of all proposed fills and cuts of the finished earth surfaces using a contour interval of one or two feet.
   3. Graded Area – The report is to include the proposed are to be graded, which is to be clearly delineated on the plan. Identify depths of cuts and fills.

   4. Drainage and Erosion Calculations and Details; Hydrologic Hazards – The report is to include all assumptions, information, calculations and proposed details used for design and construction of debris basins, impoundments, diversions, dikes, waterways, drains, culverts and other water management or soil erosion control measures shall be shown. Drainage calculations shall determine runoff volume and peak discharge using the “Rational Method”, “SCS Curve Number Method”, or appropriate equivalent. Data provided is to include:

      1. Rainfall depth, duration and distribution
      2. Watershed slope and drainage area delineation
      3. Land condition or watershed surface
      4. Existing and proposed topography of the drainage area
      5. Description of soil conditions of watershed. Erosion calculations are to employ predictions of soil loss sheet erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation or appropriate equivalent. Data to be provided should include factors of:
         1. Rainfall intensity and duration. See West Jordan City Standards.
         2. Soil erodibility
         3. Land slope and length of slope or topography
         4. Condition of the soil surface and land management practices in use
         5. Surface cover, grass, woodland crops, pavements, etc.
   5. Erosion Control During Construction – The grading and drainage report will be prepared by the developers engineer in which he will describe the methods intended to be employed to control the erosion and sedimentation increase while in construction.
   6. Interim Stabilization during Construction – The developer/builder is responsible for interim stabilization of all disturbed areas during the period of construction to prevent erosion offsite effects and for final stabilization once construction is completed. The report prepared will address these issues.
   7. Limit of Watershed/100-Year Flood Plain Maps – The report is to include maps of the development site (1”=200’), which define the boundaries of any 100-year flood plain and the limits of the watershed.
   8. Existing Drainage Channels/Permits – The report shall include a separate map, which indicates the historic drainage channels associated with the project. Existing drainage channels shall remain as historically located except that roads and utilities may be installed across such channels as approved by the Planning Commission. Where these channels must be modified, permits must be obtained from Salt Lake County Flood Control, applicable canal companies, the Utah Division of Water Rights, as appropriate, and the US Corps of Engineers, as applicable. The developer shall provide copies of approval letters to the City. Structures and or lots shall be arranged so as to insure adequate setbacks from all drainage channels based upon the100-year storm.

   9. Storm Water Collection Facilities – The report shall show any existing and proposed storm water collection facilities associated with the project. Storm water and sediment collection facilities shall be required to be constructed on development sites in accordance with the following:

      1. Such facilities shall be the first improvements or facilities constructed on the development site.
      2. Such facilities shall be designed to detain the storm water flows, including sediment loads, of a 10-year storm while allowing offsite discharge not to exceed 0.2 cubic feet per second per acre.
      3. Such facilities shall be so designed as to divert surface water away from cut faces or sloping surfaces of a fill.
      4. The existing natural drainage system will be improved as required by the City.
      5. Where drainage channels are required, wide shallow swales lined with appropriate vegetation, rock, or other approved material are to be used instead of cutting narrow, deep drainage ditches.
      6. Flow retarding devices, such as detention ponds, check dams and recharge berms are to be used where practical to minimize increases in runoff volumes and peak flow rates due to development.
   10. Minimize Disturbance of Vegetation Cover – The Developer is to indicate in the report how he intends to minimize the disturbance of vegetative cover within the project. Construction of the development shall be such that it minimizes the disturbance of vegetation cover.
   11. Erosion Control Measures to Reduce Suspended Solids – The report to be prepared is to indicate the erosion control measures, which will be employed at the site, during construction and for the long-term. Erosion control measures on the development site shall be required to minimize the increased suspended solids loading in runoff from such areas. A drainage system shall be designed to control storm water erosion during and after construction.
   12. The report shall indicate that no grading or stripping is to be permitted unless the appropriate equipment is used and except as part of a development plan approved by Engineering and the Planning Commission
   13. Hydrologic Hazards – A description of any hydrologic hazards associated with the proposed site and adjacent area is required and are to be discussed in the report. Hydrologic hazards might include high water table, surface water impoundments, gradient of the property, flood plains, etc.

5. Final Design Report – The developer is responsible for preparing a final design report for this portion of the work and submitting it to the City for review and approval, prior to the approval of the land disturbance permit. The final design report shall include the preliminary design report, the geotechnical report, the grading and drainage report and the final grading design and design of the subdivision drainage facilities related to the erosion and sediment report indicating the BMPs to be used for a specific project. The intent of the final design report is to provide sufficient information to the City to obtain their approval prior to proceeding with the preparation of plans and specifications.

6. Subdivision Design for Grading and Drainage – Each subdivision is to be designed to provide a subdivision level drainage system. This subdivision level drainage system is to be composed of both public and private drainage facilities. The public drainage systems are to be located within the City’s street right-of-ways and other fee parcels and the private systems are to be located within easements which are to be controlled by easement restrictions and covenants, codes and restrictions (CC&R’s), and enforced by private agreements or through neighborhood associations. Drainage facilities located within private easements are not being considered as City responsibilities.

   In cases where lots cannot be graded to allow for the total amount of storm drainage to go to the streets, the designer shall provide for side yard and rear yard drainage facilities, which will convey individual lot drainage from each, lot and dispose of it properly. All attempts are to be made to drain individual lot storm water to the street.

7. Lot Design for Grading and Drainage – Each lot is to be designed to provide for drainage into the subdivision level drainage system. This lot level drainage system is to be composed of private drainage facilities, i.e. grass-line swales, grading to allow drainage toward the street, rear yard storm water drainage facilities to pass water from one lot to another, etc. The private drainage systems are to be located within dedicated easements, which are to be administered and controlled by private parties. Drainage facilities located within private easements are not to be considered as the City’s responsibility.

   In cases where lots can not be graded to allow for the total amount of storm drainage to go to the streets, the designer shall provide for side yard and rear yard drainage facilities which will convey individual lot drainage to the subdivision level storm water drainage system. All attempts are to be made to drain individual lot storm water to the street.

   No streets with cul-de-sacs are allowed unless measures are approved by the City Engineer. The facilities must meet minimum standards of the building codes as well.

8. Structure Design for Drainage – All attempts need to be made to divert lot level storm drainage to the public right-of-way. This includes all impervious surface areas on each lot including roof drains, driveways, and other impervious surfaces. In the case of roof drains, the designer of the subdivision and lot are to provide for roof drainage discharge to the public street, wherever possible. The lot designer must provide for facilities to convey this type of storm water from the downspout to the curb and gutter by overland flow. The City will not allow the boring or cutting of curb and gutter to installation of piping systems for this purpose. The Engineering Department and Building and Safety Division are to review and approved these measures.

1. General – All clearing, grubbing and stripping work to be completed shall first be designed by a registered Geotechnical engineer and approved by the City. It consists of clearing of all structures, trees, brush and other organic and deleterious materials from the project site so that excavation and grading can begin. In preparing for this phase of work, the Developer needs to know that only certain options are open for disposing of material cleared from the site. The Developer or his contractor must obtain prior approval of the process requested.

   During the clearing, grubbing and stripping work if the soils and/or vegetation indicate the area is a wetland, all work will cease at no cost to the City, until mitigation plan can be reviewed by the Army Corp of Engineers or the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS).

2. Vegetative Material Disposal – For trees, brush and other vegetative materials only the following disposal options are approved:

   1. Burn the material – This is an option but a number of agencies will need to be consulted and permits obtained prior to using this method. Permits/approvals will need to be received from:

      1. West Jordan Fire Department (WJFD).
      2. State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality (DEA)
      3. State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality
      4. City of West Jordan, Community Development and Engineering departments
      5. Other agencies as needed.

   2. Haul material to an approved landfill – This option will require that the Developer collect all vegetative material and haul it to a City approved landfill. The Developer will need to provide evidence that a landfill will accept the material and then evidence must also be provided which indicates the material was actually deposited at said landfill. The City must approve this method and destination prior to the Developer proceeding with this work.

   3. Chip and shred the material – If the Developer selects this disposal option, all vegetative materials will need to be disposed of through a mechanical chipping/shredding process. The machine to be used shall be a tub grinder through which all material shall be processed. Once the vegetative material has been processed through the tub grinder, the material will be evening distributed across the topsoil it is to be mixed into and thoroughly mixed. See Appendix B – Section 02112.

   The Developer and his contractor are hereby put on notice that any deviations from these three processes will result in the Developer and his contractor removing the material from where it has been deposited and properly disposing of the material. Disposal of the material by cutting it, running a tracked bulldozer over it to crush it and then mixing it with soil and disposing of the material on site is illegal and unacceptable. The use of such unapproved methods will be reported to the State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste who also has jurisdiction of illegal landfills.

3. Man-made Materials Disposal – For all man-made materials, such as processed wood, concrete, dry wall, adhesives, etc., only disposal at an approved landfill site is acceptable. The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.2 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02112. – Clearing, Grubbing and Stripping

4. Topsoil – The topsoil contains valuable native seeds that commonly are not available to include in a native revegetation seed mix; an example is the State’s native flower Sego Lily. Therefore, the construction plans should clearly identify the locations of the topsoil stockpile areas.

   The Developer’s engineer should use the project geotechnical report to determine the area required to stockpile the topsoil. To minimize the handling of the topsoil, construction sequencing should also be used in determining the topsoil stockpile locations. The construction should be clearly indicated.

   1. Stockpile locations indicate by drawing a line around the area and adding a distinctive pattern within the area.
   2. Sediment controls used to keep the topsoil from contaminating the surrounding areas.
   3. Erosion controls to prevent wind, water, snow and ice erosion.

1. General – The Developer is responsible for controlling the dust produced at his project and shall provide the necessary mitigation to keep the dust to the acceptable limits identified in the air quality permit obtained from the State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, and Division of Air Quality. Ignorance of these codes and statutes is not an acceptable reason for not complying with these requirements.

1. General – All grading work shall be done under the City’s supervision, which shall include an engineering geotechnical consultant, retained and paid by the City and reimbursed by the Developer. The consultant shall be answerable to the City only.

2. Grading – All grading work to be completed shall first be designed by a registered geotechnical engineer and approved by the City. As part of the approval process, the Developer shall prepare plans and specifications for the project, which identify existing topography and geology and indicate methods and processes to be used in doing the grading. Once the City has approved the work, a geotechnical engineer shall have a representative on site at all times grading is being done and must oversee grading. The geotechnical engineer shall be retained and paid by the City and reimbursed by the Developer to the City. Once work has been completed, the Developer engineer shall prepare record drawings indicating the ‘as-constructed’ condition of the work.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.8 to meet the following technical specification sections:

   1. Section 02200 – Earthwork
   2. Section 02210 – Site Grading

3. Excavation – Excavation shall be performed to the lines and grades indicated on the Contract Documents. During excavation, material satisfactory for backfilling shall be stockpiled in a safe manner. Excavated material not required or not satisfactory for backfill shall be removed from the site. Excavation shall be braced and supported as need to prevent the ground, adjacent to the excavation, from sliding or settling. Localized slides or settlements shall be promptly removed and corrected by the Contractor.

   1. Requirements. All land disturbance related construction or work shall have the land disturbance permit available on-site and shall be subject to inspections by authorized employees of the City, and certain types of work to be determined by the City Engineer shall have either continuous or constant inspection and supervision by a registered civil engineer, and/or other appropriate consultants, soils engineer, and engineering geologist as a condition of the issuance of the land disturbance permit. Prior to issuing a stamped and signed grading certificate by the civil engineer responsible for the grading operation, a final inspection shall be made of all construction or work for which a land disturbance permit has been issued.

   2. Exposure of work. Whenever any work on which inspections are required, as specified in this section, is covered or concealed by additional work without having first been inspected, the Construction Manager may require, by written notice, that such work be exposed for examination. The work of exposing and recovering shall not entail expense to the City.

   3. Notices. The land disturbance permit holder or his agent shall notify the Construction Manager twenty-four (24) hours in advance of the time when the grading operation is ready for each of the following inspections:

      1. Initial inspections. When the land disturbance permit holder is ready to begin work but before any clearing and grubbing is started;
      2. Toe inspections. After the natural ground is exposed and prepared to receive fill but prior to the placing of any fill. Approval for placing fill shall not be made until all debris and unsuitable material has been removed from the site to an approved location;
      3. Subdrain inspections. Inspections shall be required on all subdrains after the installation but prior to the placement of any fill;
      4. Excavation inspections. After the excavation is started but before the vertical depth of the excavation exceeds ten (10′) feet;
      5. Fill inspections. After the fill emplacement is started but before the combined vertical height of the lift exceeds ten (10′) feet;
      6. Drainage device inspections. After the forms, steel reinforcement, and pipe are in place but before any concrete is placed;
      7. Rough grading. When all the rough grading has been completed. This inspection may be called for at the completion of the rough grading without the necessity of the City Engineer having previously reviewed and approved applicable reports;
      8. Rough grading certification. A conditional interim certificate may be issued to the City Engineer to allow the issuance of building permits. This certificate shall in no way exonerate the applicant from completing the grading;
      9. Final certification. When all work, including the installation of all drainage structures, other protective devices, the compaction of trench backfill, and planting and slope stabilization, has been completed and the “as built” plan and required reports have been submitted;
      10. Other inspections. In addition to the called inspections provided by this section, the City Engineer may make any other inspections of any work to ascertain compliance with the provisions of this chapter and other laws; and
      11. Interrupted grading. When the land disturbance permit holder is ready to resume work, but before any grading or brushing is started, the land disturbance permit holder or his agent shall notify the Construction Manager twenty-four (24) hours in advance of the time when the grading operation is ready.

   4. Certification. The City Engineer shall certify to the Building Official through the Developer’s Engineer, upon the completion of the grading work, that all grading work has been done in compliance with all approved grading plans and reports and that all applicable Building Code regulations shall be administered by the office of the Building Official thereafter.

   5. Issuance of certificates. Upon the final inspection when it is found that the work authorized by the land disturbance permit, including the installation of all drainage structures, has been satisfactorily completed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, a grading certificate covering such work shall be issued by the Developer’s Engineer to the City Engineer.

   6. Final reports. Upon the completion of the work, the City Engineer may require the following reports and information:

      1. A report from a registered civil engineer certifying that all grading, lot drainage, and drainage facilities have been completed in conformance with the approved plans and the provisions of this chapter and that the graded site will support residential or commercial type structures, whichever is applicable;
      2. A soils engineering report including, but not limited to, certification of the soil bearing capacity, summaries of field and laboratory tests, locations of tests, expansive soil classification lot by lot, and slope tests taken in the fills showing the limits of compacted fill on an “as built” grading plan;
      3. An engineering geology report by the engineering geologist, based on the final contour map, including specific approval of the grading as affected by geological factors. Where necessary, a revised geologic map, cross sections, and any recommendations necessary shall be included; and
      4. When “as built” grading plans are required, as determined by the City Engineer, such plans shall be signed by the supervising civil engineer, the soils engineer, and the engineering geologist, when applicable, for their portions of the work.
      5. Electronic copy of detention basins with volumes and calculations.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.4 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02222 – Excavation and Backfill for Structures

4. Fills – All work performed under this item shall be under the direct supervision of a registered geotechnical engineer. The Developer shall be responsible for design and obtaining approval of the design from the City, prior to proceeding with construction. A geotechnical engineer shall also have a representative at the site during all times work is being performed on this work. The geotechnical engineer and his staff shall be retained by the City and directly paid for by the City from a deposit for this work from the Developer. The Contractor shall comply with these design and construction standards and the Contract Documents for the project in constructing the work.

   1. Height. No finished fill slope shall exceed a vertical height of twenty-five (25′) feet unless approved by the City Engineer and Planning Commission. If a fill slope is permitted above such height, a horizontal terrace with a minimum width of twenty-five (25′) feet may be required to be installed at each one hundred (100′) feet of vertical height, and intervening terraces also may be required.

   2. Slope. No fill shall be made which creates any exposed surface steeper in slope than three (3) horizontal to one vertical. Exceptions are:

      1. The City Engineer may authorize a fill slope which is steeper in slope than two (2) horizontal to one vertical and is less than six (6′) feet in height, if:

         1. The applicant can demonstrate that because of special circumstances applicable to the property, including size, shape, topography, location, or surroundings, the strict application of this section would deprive such property of the ability to be reasonably developed; and
         2. The applicant produces sufficient data from a soils engineer, an engineering geologist, and a landscape architect to demonstrate that the material of which the slope is composed and that the material underlying the slope is capable of permanent stability on a steeper slope, and that the required slope planting can be adequately maintained.

   3. Unstable material. The City Engineer may require that the fill be constructed with an exposed surface less than three (3) horizontal to one (1) vertical if, under particular conditions, such flatter surface is necessary for stability or safety.

   4. Fill slope limits. Toes of fill slopes shall not be made nearer to a project property boundary line than one-half (1/2) of the height of the fill but need not exceed a horizontal distance of twenty (20′) feet. Fill slopes shall not be divided horizontally by property lines, and fill slopes occurring on a side or rear lot line shall be made a part of the downhill lot. If the City Engineer determines such requirement is unnecessary because of special conditions, he may make adjustments as a condition of the land disturbance permit.

   5. Intervening terraces. Terraces shall be paved (reinforced concrete or gunite) terraces, shall have a minimum width of six (6′) feet, shall be extensively landscaped in accordance with an approved landscaping plan, and shall be spaced at vertical intervals of twenty-five (25′) feet; provided, however, for slopes less than forty (40′) feet in vertical height, the terraces shall be approximately at mid-height. For slopes less than three (3) horizontal to one vertical, or where soil conditions require additional intervening terraces may be required.

   6. Compaction. All fills shall be placed, compacted, inspected, and tested in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. If the strict enforcement of the provisions of this subsection is determined by the City Engineer to be unnecessary because of the proposed or probable use of the land, he may waive the requirements. The requirements of this subsection shall not be waived when structures are to be supported by the fill, or if the fills are being placed in areas to be designated as hillside, or where they are necessary as a safety measure to aid in preventing the saturation, settling, slipping, or erosion of the fill.

      1. The natural ground surface shall be prepared to receive fill by removing vegetation, non-complying fill, topsoil, and/or porous, compressible soil. Where natural slopes are five (5) horizontal to one (1) vertical or steeper, and the height of the fill is twenty (20′) feet or greater, benching into sound bedrock or other competent material shall be required. Fill slopes, which toe on natural slopes, shall be provided with adequate drainage.
      2. No deleterious material shall be permitted in fills. Except as otherwise permitted by the City Engineer, no rock or similar irreducible material with a maximum dimension greater than eight (8″) inches shall be buried or placed in fills.
      3. Upon recommendations made by a soils engineer and approved by the City Engineer prior to the grading of any project, rock with dimensions from eight (8″) inches to thirty-six (36″) inches may be placed in compacted fill. Such oversized rocks shall not be in the upper ten (10′) feet of compacted fill or nearer than twenty (20′) feet to the surface of any fill slope. Such rock areas shall be shown on “as built” plans and certified to be compacted by the soils engineer.
      4. The fill shall be spread in a series of layers, each not exceeding eight (8″) inches in thickness, and shall be compacted by an approved method after each layer is spread.
      5. The moisture content of the fill material shall be controlled at the time of spreading and compacting to obtain the required relative compaction and avoid excessive pore pressure as the fill increases in depth.
      6. All fills shall be compacted to a minimum of ninety (90%) percent (unless under roadways) of the maximum density as determined by ASTM D 1557-66T, Method A or C, modified to three (3) layers. If the required degree of relative compaction cannot be attained on sloped surfaces, the slope shall be cut back until the compacted inner core is exposed.
      7. The field density shall be measured in accordance with the procedure specified in ASTM D 1556-58T, or a later revision, using the optional base plate and making a suitable adjustment for volumes of rocks in the test hole or other approved testing methods giving equivalent test results.
      8. A field density test, as set forth in this subsection, shall be taken for each eighteen (18″) inches of fill, or portion thereof, measured vertically from the lowest point of the area to be filled, or for each one thousand (1,000) cubic yards of fill placed. In addition, in the case of subdivisions, at least one field density test shall be taken on each lot, which receives fill.
      9. All fills regulated by the provisions of this chapter shall be tested for relative compaction by the soils engineer. A certificate of compliance with the terms of this section and the land disturbance permit, setting forth densities, relative compaction, the expansive soil report, allowable bearing value, and other soil characteristics, shall be prepared and signed by the soils engineer. The Developer is responsible for paying for these tests. Such report shall be submitted to, and be approved by, the City Engineer before any final approval of the fill is given and before any foundation construction begins.
      10. If building is not commenced within one year following the final certification and approval by the City Engineer, a reevaluation as to the adequacy of the intended use and a report shall be filed with the City Engineer for approval. Such report shall contain data on compaction, stabilization, and expansive soils.

   7. Fills toeing out on natural slopes. Fills toeing out on natural slopes, which are steeper than three (3) horizontal to one vertical, shall not be permitted.

   8. Combined cut and fill slopes. Combined cut and fill slopes shall meet the requirements of subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section insofar as steepness, height, and benching are concerned except that, where the slope exceeds twenty-five (25′) feet in height, the required drainage bench shall be placed at the top of the cut slope. Fill placed on or above the top of an existing or proposed cut or natural slope steeper than three (3) horizontal to one vertical shall be set back from the top of the slope a minimum distance of six (6′) feet.

   9. Existing fills. All existing man-made fills on any and all sites shall be properly evaluated, and, if deficiencies exist, recommendations and design criteria for corrective measures shall be included within the soils engineering report.

   10. Progress reports.

       1. Periodic soils reports by a soils engineer certifying the compaction or acceptability of all fills may be required. Such reports shall include, but need not be limited to, the inspection of cleared areas and benches prepared to receive fill and the removal of all soil and unsuitable materials, the bearing capacity of the fill to support structures, the placement and compaction of fill materials, and the inspection of buttress fills, subdrains, and similar devices. The frequency of such reports shall be at the discretion of the City Engineer and shall be a condition of the land disturbance permit. If the report is not submitted in a timely manner, the City Engineer may temporarily revoke or put on hold the Land Disturbance permit and all work should cease until such time as the report is submitted.
       2. The City Engineer may require sufficient inspections by an engineering geologist to ensure that all geologic conditions have been adequately considered. Where geologic conditions warrant, the City Engineer may require periodic geologic reports. Such inspections and reports may be required to include, but need not be limited to, the inspection of cut slopes, canyons during clearing, operations for groundwater and earth material conditions, benches or keys prior to the placement of fill, and possible underground water spring locations.

   11. Measure of settlement. On fills of forty (40′) feet or more, if recommended by the soils engineer, the City Engineer or the Building Official may require the determination of the settlement characteristics of such fills to establish that any movements have substantially ceased.

   12. In such cases, a system of bench marks shall be installed by a civil engineer or land surveyor at critical points on the fill, and accurate measurements of both horizontal and vertical movements shall be taken and evaluated by the soils engineer for a period of time sufficient to define the settlement behavior. The evaluation period shall in all cases include the period from October 15 through March 15.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.4 to meet the following technical specification sections:

   1. Section 02291 – Embankment
   2. Section 02292 – Dam Embankment Construction

5. Buttress Fills

   1. General. A buttress fill is a designed compacted earth fill used for providing lateral support to an unstabilized earth or rock mass. All buttress fills shall be designed in accordance with the recommendations and design criteria, including the subdrain system, submitted by the soils engineer or engineering geologist with the approval of the City Engineer.

   2. Foundation. The ability of the foundation soil to support the buttress shall be investigated, and additional benching shall be required to what is otherwise specified for ordinary fills. The soils engineer shall provide specifications for keying the base of the buttress and for bonding the buttress to the natural ground.

   3. Subdrains. Subdrains which blanket the entire back face of the buttress or which occur at intervals shall be provided to prevent the buildup of hydrostatic pressure. The details of subdrains shall be provided by the soils engineer.

   4. Safety factor. The buttress fill shall be designed for a minimum safety factor of 1.50 based upon the smaller value of yield or ultimate shear strength of the fill material.

6. Topsoil – The Developer shall design the project to retain the topsoil on-site and not export it to an off-site location. Topsoil shall be stripped, processed and stockpiled or live hauled to an adjacent reclaim area in accordance with the requirements of the Contract Documents and Section 3.0 of these standards

7. Slope Preparation – Care must be taken to properly prepare the slopes for acceptance of seed erosion control blankets or other approved erosion control material. Clods, rock, tree, brush and other plant material and other obstructions shall be removed from the slope so that direct contact of the soil erosion blanket can be maintained for the entire blanket.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.4 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02293 – Slope Contouring

8. Building Lots Requiring Additional Fill – Lots requiring additional fill dirt in excess of 12-inches shall submit the following information for review, prior to construction. The International Building Code, Appendix 33 and City Ordinances are to be followed in the event a conflict exists than the more restrictive ordinance shall govern.

   1. Geotechnical report addressing the following:

      1. Is existing soil able to receive the proposed additional fill?
      2. Is proposed fill material to be used correct for such usage?
      3. Procedure of placing additional fill
         1. Maximum lift eight inches
         2. Compaction to be 95% minimum
         3. Correct moisture
      4. Surface treatment to prevent erosion
      5. Maximum finish slope to be no greater than two (horizontal) to one (vertical)
      6. Slope setbacks to be as per International Building Code Appendix, Chapter 33, Excavation and Grading section 3314-Setbacks
         1. Top of Slope: Height of slope divide by five (H/5); minimum of two feet and maximum of ten feet with additional setback for drainage surface waters.
         2. Toe of Slope: Height of slope divided by two (H/2) minimum of two feet and maximum of ten feet.

   2. Final report from Geotechnical Engineer.

      1. The conditions and procedure in the original geotechnical report was followed. Final report shall be written by author of original Geotechnical report

1. Intervening Terraces – Paved (reinforced concrete or gunite) intervening terraces shall have a minimum width of six (6′) feet and may be installed on the face of all cut and fill slopes at intervals not to exceed twenty-five (25′) feet measured along a vertical plane.

   The longitudinal slope of intervening terraces shall not be less than two (2%) percent or more than twelve (12%) percent, and any change in the rate of grade within these allowable slopes shall increase the grade in the direction of the flow.

   A single run of an intervening terrace shall not exceed two hundred (200′) feet to a down-drain.

   If soil in paved terrace areas is termed “expansive”, the paved terraces shall be designed by a registered civil engineer to resist the expansive characteristics of the area.

2. Diverter Terraces – Where recommended by a soils engineer, paved (concrete or gunite) diverter terraces, a minimum of thirty (30″) inches in width and one (1′) foot in depth, shall be installed at the top of all cut slopes where the tributary drainage area above has a slope exceeding ten (10) horizontal to one vertical and a horizontal projection greater than fifty (50′) feet. The diverter terrace design shall be shown on each plan for City approval, based on the recommendations of the soils engineer and engineering geologist to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.

3. Vee Channels – Where a slough wall is required at the toe of the slope, the City Engineer may require a vee channel to be constructed behind the wall to carry off the slope waters.

4. Inlet Structures, Down-drains, and Outlet Structures.

   1. Inlet structures. Inlet structures shall be of concrete and galvanized metal. The inlet shall be grated or grilled or of such entry shape as to prevent the entry of objects of greater than four (4″) inches dimension and permit objects of a maximum of two (2″) inches dimension. Inlet structures shall be placed on the bench and shall be so shaped as to provide small entry losses. An overflow structure into the “vee” down-drains shall be provided.

   2. Down-drains. Down-drains shall be of concrete, corrugated galvanized iron hot-dipped in asphalt, or equivalent. Pipe down-drains shall have a diameter of a size required by runoff calculations but not less than twelve (15″) inches. Open channel down-drains shall be designed by a civil engineer and shall have a minimum capacity equal to four (4) times the capacity of the required pipe size. The alignment of down-drains shall be such as to maintain a constant velocity head.

   3. Cleanouts. Cleanouts shall be provided at all points of severe change in grade and at points of entry to public rights-of-way.

   4. Outlet structures. Outlet structures shall be of concrete, galvanized iron hot-dipped in asphalt, or equivalent. Where outletting into streets, the structure shall be of City standards or a design approved by the City Engineer. Where outletting into natural watercourses or other approved locations, the structure shall be provided with adequate velocity reducers, diversion walls, riprap, concrete aprons, or any similar energy dissipator. All slope drainage shall be collected and disposed of in the drainage device.

5. Runoff Computations – Runoff shall be based upon the proper fifty (50) year isohyetal map, and the runoff calculation shall be based upon the latest methods adopted by the City Engineer.

6. Drainage Dispersal Walls – A drainage dispersal device shall be constructed whenever it is necessary to convert channel flow to sheet flow, and the structure shall be of a design approved by the City Engineer.

7. Subdrains – Subdrains shall be installed to collect any active or potential springs or seeps, which will be covered by the fill. Subdrains shall be installed after any watercourse has been excavated to firm material in preparation for receiving the fill. Individual design shall be shown on each plan for the City Engineer’s approval. Upon the recommendation of the soils engineer and engineering geologist, and upon the approval of the City Engineer, the installation of subdrains may be eliminated.

8. Site Drainage – All building pads with cut or fill shall be constructed to carry surface waters to the nearest practical street, storm drain, or natural watercourse approved by the City Engineer and/or appropriate governmental agency as a safe place to deposit such waters. At least a two (2%) percent grade toward the approval disposal area shall be required for building pads. Where recommended by the soils engineer, eave or ground gutters shall be provided to receive all roof water and deliver it through a non-erosive device to a street or watercourse. Compacted fill berms shall be required to be constructed at the top of all slopes where diverter terraces are not required by the City Engineer.

1. General – Storm water from construction sites can cause a great deal of damage to a construction project, as well as the existing City maintained storm drain system. To repair these damages, additional funds are required from Developers and other to repair these damages, which costs can be avoided. This section provides the Developer with a few “Best Management Practices” (BMP) accepted nation wide, by the international erosion control industry and the City of West Jordan.

   The purpose of this section is to indicate BMP’s approved by the City and does not attempt to make an exclusive list of approved BMP’s. Should the Developer wish to use BMP’s not indicated here, the proposed BMP will be submitted to the City for approval, seven days before the preconstruction meeting is held with the City before implementing proposed BMP. It is unacceptable to use an unapproved BMP, and is the basis of a work stop order being placed on the project. The work stop will remain in force until said BMP is approved by the City or removed and replaced with an approved BMP.

2. Sediment and Erosion Control BMP – For the convenience of the Developer, engineer and builder, the City has prepared several tables, which indicate the BMP required for various situations and conditions. The situations include construction sites, slopes, soil types and then indicate the sediment control and erosion control BMP’s approved by the City. Please refer to the following tables. If there is a conflict between the tables and the written description of the Sediment and Erosion Control BMP, the written description will control. The table is not an inclusive list of all approved BMP and actual site conditions may mandate the use of additional BMP not listed.

   The difference between sediment control and erosion control is that sediment control contains the soil that has been eroded from the area of disturbance to the lowest point of the drainage, on or offsite. Due to regrading, sediment removed for streets and maintenance of the sediment control BMP, sediment control is more expensive to pay for than properly designed and installed erosion control.

   Erosion control is based on the principal that the soil stays in the location of final grading. Erosion control BMPs are designed so the soil remains stable and does not become displaced during rainfall or other source of water events.

   Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices — Construction Site

   Area	Soil Type	Slope	Type of Protection
   			Sediment Control	Erosion Control
   Construction Site	Clay	>4:1 (25%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, wattles, sediment basins	Construction phasing, temporary and permanent seeding/mulch, mulch, riprap, surface roughing
   Construction Site	Clay	>3:1 (33.3%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, wattles, sediment basins	Construction phasing with temporary or permanent seeding/mulch, riprap, or mulch/tackifier, anchored straw, soil retention blankets, surface roughing
   Construction Site	Clay	>2:1 (50%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, wattles, inlet protection	Construction phasing with temporary or permanent seeding/mulch (anchored), riprap, or anchored mulch, soil retention blankets, or anchored straw
   Construction Site	Sand	>4:1 (25%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing with surfacing roughing or temporary or permanent seeding/mulch (tackifier), or mulch with tackifier, anchored straw
   Construction Site	Sand	>3:1 (33.3%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing with temporary or permanent seeding/anchored mulch, mulch, riprap or anchored mulch, soil retention blankets
   Construction Site	Sand	>2:1 (50%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing, temporary and permanent seeding/mulch, mulch, riprap, anchored mulch, soil retention blankets, reinforced turf mats

   Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices — Slopes

   Area	Soil Type	Slope	Type of Protection
   			Sediment Control	Erosion Control
   Slopes	Clay	>4:1 (25%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing, temporary and permanent seeding/mulch, mulch, riprap, surface roughing, soil vegetation blankets
   Slopes	Clay	>3:1 (33.3%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing, temporary and permanent seeding/mulch, riprap, mulch/tackifier, anchored straw, surface roughing, soil vegetation blankets
   Slopes	Clay	>2:1 (50%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing, temporary and permanent seeding/mulch, riprap, anchored mulch, anchored straw, surface roughing
   Slopes	Sand	>4:1 (25%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing with surfacing roughing or temporary or permanent seeding/mulch or mulch/tackifier
   Slopes	Sand	>3:1 (33.3%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing with temporary or permanent seeding/mulch, mulch with tackifier or anchored straw or anchored mulch or soil retention blankets
   Slopes	Sand	>2:1 (50%)	Silt fence, silt barriers, construction entrance, inlet protection, sediment basins	Construction phasing with temporary or permanent seeding/mulch, mulch with tackifier or anchored mulch, or soil retention blankets, or reinforced turf mats

3. Erosion Control BMP – The Developer shall design and provide temporary erosion control measures as part of the project. Erosion control measures are to be used for disturbed areas, which will remain, untouched for more than 14 day but less than 21 days. These measures may include mulch and temporary seeding for interior slope stabilization and are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.0 of these standards.

4. Erosion Control – The Developer shall design the project to provide erosion control measures. Erosion control measures are those, which will be constructed to provide for long-term (2-5 year) protection of soils on the project. Erosion control measures are those that prevent the displacement of soil particles. Examples of erosion controls include bonded fiber matrix mulches, tackifiers, erosion control or soil retention blankets. The majority of these measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.0 of these standards, except for the interceptor, roadway and toe ditches which are discussed below.

5. Interceptor, Roadway and Toe Ditch – The Engineer shall design the facility to include interceptor, roadway and/or toe ditches where it is deemed necessary to collect storm water and direct it to a discharge location. These ditches shall receive an increased amount of armoring in the way of soil erosion blankets, turf reinforced mats, energy dissipaters and riprap as determined by hydraulic design ‘The Tractive Force Theory’ as indicated in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 15 Design of Roadside Channels with Flexible linings is the method acceptable to the City. The design will be the determining factor of channel material used.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02273 – Interceptor, Roadway and Toe Ditch

6. Brushlayering See Appendix A – 5200

   1. Purpose: This technique is used to stabilize slopes, particularly road fill slopes where construction has or will result in unstable soil conditions. A modified brushlayering technique often referred to as ‘trenchpacking’ or ‘branchpacking’ can be installed with hard labor to repair existing rills and gullies or steep fill slopes. Both ‘brushlayering’ and ‘branchpacking’ place live branches horizontally in successive layers up the face of the slope.

      The brushlayer branches, especially after rooting, reinforce slopes by serving as tensile inclusions, which provide frictional resistance to sliding or other types of displacement. The protruding brush retards runoff and reduces surface erosion.

   2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Brushlayering is best used concurrently with construction of fill slopes or embankments. Cuttings are placed by hand while heavy equipment is used to fill and compact each successive lift of soil fill. Brushlayering is similar in principle to other reinforced earth practices except that the reinforcing material is live branches. This practice is also a good remedial action intended to repair gullies or existing slopes, but may have limited applications in arid areas unless irrigated. Brushlayering performs several functions for erosion control, earth reinforcement and slope stability:

      1. Breaking up the slope length into a series of shorter slopes separated by rows of brushlayer.
      2. Reinforcing the soil with the unrooted branch stems.
      3. Reinforcing the soil as roots develop, adding significant resistance to sliding or shear displacement.
      4. Providing slope stability and allowing vegetative cover to become established.
      5. Trapping debris on the slope.
      6. Aiding infiltration on dry sites.
      7. Drying excessively wet sites.
      8. Adjusting the site’s microclimate, thus aiding seed germination and natural regeneration.
      9. Redirecting and mitigating adverse slope seepage by acting as horizontal drains.

   3. Planning Consideration:

      1. Plant material harvest and installation should be performed during its dormant season, late fall to early spring.
      2. Use site reconnaissance to identify willow species, growth form, and soil and site conditions on adjacent sites and compare their conditions to the construction site. Planting will be more successful as the soil, site conditions and species selected match stable and vegetated nearby sites.
      3. The ideal plant materials for wattling are those that: 1) root easily; 2) are long, straight and flexible; and 3) are in plentiful supply near the job site. Willow (Salix spp.) makes ideal wattling material. Some species of Baccharis, Cornus, and Populus also have very good rooting ability.
      4. Choose plant material adapted to the site conditions and confirm the availability of plant material that will be used on site before construction begins.
      5. When choosing live willow material for bioengineering applications, remember that young (less than 1 year old) wood or suckers will often sprout easier under optimum conditions but healthy, older wood (1 to 4 years old) has greater vegetative (energy) reserves necessary to consistently sprout and the older wood is much stronger. If possible, mix younger wood with older wood for the bioengineering application such that a majority of the material is 1 to 4 years old.
      6. Research indicates that all cuttings should be soaked for a minimum of 24 hours, whether they are stored or harvested and immediately installed (Hoag 1991; Hoag et al. 1991; Hoag et al. 1992). Some research recommends soaking the cuttings for as much as 10 to 14 days
      7. Willows have several different growth forms, from shrubs to large trees. Small to medium sized shrub-type and rhizomatous or creeping-type willows are used for planting channel banks. Upland willow species are found in relatively dry areas and should be used on similar sites. Tree-type willows are selected for the upper bank and flood plain area.
      8. If branch cuttings are not pre-soaked then they shall be harvested no earlier than 48 hours prior to installation. Cuttings must be kept moist and cool at all times between cutting and installation therefore, all cuttings need to be thoroughly wet and covered with moistened wrapping before being transported.
      9. Construction personnel shall be made aware that brushlayering uses live plant material and must be treated as such.
      10. Spacing between the brushlayers is determined by the erosion potential of the slope (i.e., soil type, rainfall, and length and steepness of the slope). Spacing may be from 3-8 feet (1-2.5 m). On long slopes, brushlayer spacing should be closer at the bottom and spacing may increase near the top of the slope.

      Steep slopes (2:1) should not exceed, approximately, 30 feet in slope length. Reinforced earth design guidelines suggest that the slope height should not exceed 3 times the width of the reinforced volume. Therefore, for brushlayering with 6-8 foot long cuttings, the slope height should not exceed 8-24 feet.

7. Cellular Confinement System for Slope Stabilization See Appendix A – 5205

   1. Purpose: Cellular Confinement System (CCS) is a permanent erosion control practice intended to stabilize steep slopes. The expandable panels create a cellular system that confines topsoil infill, protect and reinforce the plant’s root zone, and permits natural subsurface drainage. The honeycomb shaped cells encapsulate and prevent erosion of the infill material. The cellular confinement systems are used for:

      1. Revetments – filling the cells with rock, gravel, or topsoil can provide an alternative to hard armor revetment systems.
      2. Erosion control on steep slopes – cells can be infilled with soil and vegetated or infilled with granular materials for sterile arid regions. Slopes as steep as 1:1 can be treated with cellular confinement systems.
      3. Flexible channel lining systems, either vegetated or rock filled.
      4. Framework for earth retaining structures.
      5. Road stabilization – cells confine and reinforce select fill materials, thereby increasing load-bearing capacities.
      6. Temporary low-water stream crossings.

8. Erosion Blankets and Turf Reinforcement Mats Slope Installation See Appendix A – 5210

   1. Purpose: Erosion control blankets are used to temporarily stabilize and protect disturbed soil from raindrop impact and surface erosion, to increase infiltration, decrease compaction and soil crusting, and to conserve soil moisture. Mulching with erosion control blankets will increase the germination rates for grasses and forbs and promote vegetation establishment. Erosion control blankets also protect seeds from predators, reduce desiccation and evaporation by insulating the soil and seed environment.

      Some types of erosion control blankets and turf reinforcement mats are specifically designed to stabilize channelized flow areas. These blankets and mats can aide the establishment of vegetation in waterways and increase the maximum permissible velocity of the given channel by reinforcing the soil and vegetation to resist the forces of erosion during runoff events. Stems, roots and rhizomes of the vegetation become intertwined with the mat, reinforcing the vegetation and anchoring the mat.

   2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Establishing vegetation in channels or on slopes may require additional measures beyond seeding and straw mulching. Conditions where erosion control blankets and mats are appropriate may include:

      1. Slopes and disturbed soils where mulch must be anchored and other methods such as, crimping or tackifying are neither feasible nor adequate.
      2. Steep slopes, generally steeper than 3:1.
      3. Slopes where erosion hazard is high.
      4. Critical slopes adjacent to sensitive areas such as streams and wetlands.
      5. Disturbed soil areas where planting is likely to be slow in providing adequate protective cover.
      6. Channels with flow exceeding 2-4 ft./sec.
      7. In channels intended to be vegetated and where the design flow exceeds the permissible velocity. Allowable velocity, with turf reinforcement mats after vegetative establishment, is up to 10 ft/sec.

   3. Specifications: Erosion control blankets are generally a machine produced mat of organic, biodegradable mulch such as straw, curled wood fiber (excelsior), coconut fiber or a combination thereof, evenly distributed on or between photodegradable polypropylene or biodegradable natural fiber netting. Synthetic erosion control blankets are a machine-produced mat of ultraviolet stabilized synthetic fibers and filaments. The nettings and mulch material are stitched to ensure integrity and the blankets are provided in rolls for ease of handling and installation.

      Soil stabilization and turf reinforcement mats are high strength, flexible, machine produced, three-dimensional matrix of nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride that have ultra violet (UV) stabilizers added to the compounds to ensure endurance and provide ‘permanent vegetation stabilization’.

   4. Planning Considerations: Erosion control blankets and turf reinforcement matting can be applied to problem areas to supplement nature’s erosion control system (vegetation) in its initial establishment and in providing a safe and ‘natural’ conveyance for high velocity storm water runoff. These products are being used today in many applications where previously a structural lining or armoring would have been required. Care must be taken to choose the type of blanket or matting which is more appropriate for the specific needs of a project. There are many soil stabilization products available today and it is very difficult to cover all the advantages, disadvantages and specifications of all the manufactured blankets and mats. therefore, as with many erosion control type products, there is no substitute for a thorough understanding of manufacture’s instructions and recommendations and a site visit by a designer or plan reviewer to verify a product’s appropriateness.

9. Live Staking See Appendix A – 5220

   1. Purpose: Using a system of live stakes creates a root mat that stabilizes the soil by reinforcing and binding soil particles together and by extracting excess soil moisture. The practice is commonly used in conjunction with other practices to provide for a more stable site conditions (i.e., used to anchor blankets, coir mats, turf reinforcement mats, straw rolls, etc.).

   2. Planning Consideration:

      1. Live stake harvest and installation should be performed during its dormant season, late fall to early spring.
      2. Use site reconnaissance to identify willow species, growth form, and soil and site conditions on adjacent sites and compare their conditions to the construction site. Planting will be more successful as soil, site and species selected match stable, vegetated nearby sites. Live staking may have limited applications and success in arid environments unless irrigated.
      3. If native willows or cottonwood are not found in the vicinity, live staking may not be a good option.
      4. Choose plant material adapted to the site conditions and confirm the availability of plant material that will be used on site before construction begins.
      5. Planting willows, in some cases, can adversely interact with other natural forces; such as water hydraulics.

      Willows have several different growth forms, from shrubs to large trees. Small to medium sized shrub-type and rhizomatous or creeping-type willows are used for planting channel banks. Upland willow species are found in relatively dry areas and should be used on similar sites. Tree-type willows are selected for the upper bank and flood plain area.

10. Waterbars and Rolling Dips See Appendix A – 5230

    1. Purpose: To limit the accumulation of erosive volumes of water on roads by diverting surface runoff at predesigned intervals.

    2. Planning Considerations: Construction of access roads, power lines, pipelines, and other similar installations often requires clearing long narrow right-of-ways over sloping terrain. Roads concentrate runoff. Gully formation may be especially severe in tire tracks and ruts. To prevent gully erosion, runoff can often be diverted across the width of the right-of-way to undisturbed areas by using waterbars or rolling dips.

    3. A waterbar is a berm and excavation built diagonally across the road. Waterbars generally become less effective if driven over during wet weather, and are difficult to cross with low clearance vehicles. Rolling dips are gently sloping excavations running diagonally across the road surface, and are more appropriate for winter use. Rolling dips are more difficult to construct, but are much easier to traverse and require less maintenance.

    4. Frequent rolling dips are often preferable, both economically and hydrologically, to improperly spaced cross road drains such as culverts.

    5. Give special consideration to each individual outlet area, as well as to the cumulative effect of added diversions. Never outlet waterbars or rolling dips onto unprotected fill slopes. Use gravel to stabilize the diversion where significant vehicular traffic is anticipated.

    6. Design Criteria: See Appendix A – 5230

       1. Waterbars Height: 18-inch minimum measured from the channel bottom to the ridge top.
       2. Side Slope: 2:1 or flatter; 3:1 or flatter where vehicles cross.
       3. Base width of ridge: 6-foot minimum.
       4. Spacing of waterbars/rolling dips is shown in the Table below.

       Table 1. Waterbars and Rolling Dips Spacing

       Slope (%)	Spacing ft.	Spacing High Erodable ft.
       <5	125	100
       5 to 10	100	75
       10 to 20	75	50
       20 to 35	50	25
       >35	25	25

       5. An additional check for appropriate spacing is the distance it takes for the unrocked, unprotected running surface of a nearby road to develop a 1-inch rill is a rough measure of the appropriate spacing distance.
       6. Grade and angle: Positive grade not to exceed 2%. A crossing angle of approximately 60 degrees is preferred.
       7. Outlet: Diversions should have stable outlets, either natural or constructed. Site spacing may need to be adjusted for field conditions to use the most suitable areas for water disposal – into brush, onto a ridgeline, or onto an energy dissipator.

11. Slope Drain See Appendix A – 5235

    1. Purpose: To convey concentrated runoff down the face of a cut or fill slope without causing erosion.

    2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: This practice applies to construction areas where storm water runoff above a cut or fill slope will cause erosion if allowed to flow over the slope. Temporary slope drains are generally used in conjunction with diversions to convey runoff down a slope until permanent water disposal measures can be installed.

    3. Planning Considerations: Constructed slopes are often exposed to erosion between the time they are graded and permanently stabilized. During this period, the slope is very vulnerable to erosion, and temporary slope drains together with temporary diversions can provide valuable protection.

       It is very important that these temporary structures be sized, installed, and maintained properly, because their failure will usually result in severe erosion of the slope. The entrance section to the drain should be well entrenched and stable so that surface water can enter freely. The drain should extend downslope beyond the toe of the slope to a stable area or appropriately stabilized outlet. Appropriate TRM or rock lining should be installed to ensure stable drains.

       Other points of concern are failure from overtopping from inadequate pipe inlet capacity and lack of maintenance of diversion channel capacity and ridge height.

    4. Design Criteria:

       1. Capacity: Peak runoff from the 10-year storm. See reference material for determining the peak runoff.
       2. Pipe size: Unless they are individually designed, size drains according to the Table below:

       Slope Drain Pipe Size

       Maximum Drainage Area per pipe	Pipe Diameter inches
       0.50 ac.	12
       0.75 ac.	15
       1.00 ac.	18
       >1.00 ac*	as designed

       *Inlet design becomes more complex beyond this size.

       3. Conduit: Construct the slope drain from heavy-duty, flexible materials such as non-perforated, corrugated plastic pipe, or open top overside drains with tapered inlets. Install reinforced, hold-down grommets or stakes to anchor the conduit at intervals not to exceed 10 feet (3 m) with the outlet end securely fastened in place. Corrugated plastic pipe must have one (1) anchor assembly for every 20 feet of slope drain. The conduit must extend beyond the toe of the slope.
       4. Entrance: Construct the entrance to the slope drain of a standard flared-inlet section of pipe with a minimum 6-inch. Make all fittings watertight. A standard T-section fitting may also be used at the inlet. An open top flared inlet for overside drain may also be used.
       5. Temporary Diversion: Generally, use an earthen diversion with a dike ridge or berm to direct surface runoff into the temporary slope drain. Make the height of the ridge over the drain conduit a minimum of 1.5 feet and at least 6 inches higher than the adjoining ridge on either side. The lowest point of the diversion ridge should be a minimum of 1-foot above the top of the drain so that design flow can freely enter the pipe.
       6. Outlet Protection: Protect the outlet of the slope drain from erosion with an energy dissipator.

12. Biolog/Straw Rolls See Appendix A – 5250 Biolog Rolls

    1. Definition: Straw rolls are manufactured from straw that is wrapped in tubular black plastic netting. They are approximately 9-inches in diameter by 25-30-feet long. Rolls are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or disturbed slopes.

    2. Purpose: Straw rolls are intended to capture and keep sediment on the slopes. Straw rolls are useful to temporarily stabilize slopes by reducing soil creep and sheet and rill erosion until permanent vegetation can get established. Installed, straw rolls shorten the slope length, thereby interrupting the raveling and rilling processes, and reduce the slope steepness. They catch soil material that moves down the slope by the freeze/thaw processes. Organic matter and native seeds are trapped behind the rolls, which provide a stable medium for germination. Rolls trap fertile topsoil and retain moisture from rainfall, which aids in growth of tree seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls.

    3. Design Considerations: Sites appropriate for straw rolls are:

       1. Slopes susceptible to sheet and rill erosion;
       2. Slopes producing dry ravel;
       3. Slopes susceptible to freeze/thaw activity; or slopes difficult to vegetate because of soil movement. Straw rolls are not intended for use in concentrated flow situations.
       4. Spacing of biolog/straw rolls – spacing is to be calculated using the soil loss tolerance factor of “1”.

       It is imperative, especially on steeper slopes, that a sufficient trench is constructed to place the roll in. Without it, the roll will not function properly, runoff will scour underneath it, and trees or shrubs planted behind the roll will not have a stable environment in which to become established.

       Straw rolls will last an average of one to two years. This is an important factor when planning the optimum length of time the slope will need mechanical stabilization.

       Straw rolls can be staked with willow stakes if site conditions warrant and the moisture retained by the straw roll will encourage willow establishment.

       1. Advantages:
          1. Straw rolls are a relatively low-cost solution to sheet and rill erosion problems.
          2. They can replace silt fences or straw bales on steep slopes.
          3. Rolls are a short-term solution to help establish native vegetation.
          4. Rolls store moisture for vegetation planted immediately upslope.
          5. Plastic netting will eventually photo degrade, eliminating the need for retrieval of materials after the straw has broken down.
          6. Straw becomes incorporated into the soil with time, adding organic material to the soil and retaining moisture for vegetation.
          7. Depending on slope steepness, straw rolls are installed at 25-50-foot intervals on the slope.
       2. Disadvantages:
          1. Rolls only function for one or two seasons.
          2. Pilot holes through the rolls must be predriven with a metal rod.
          3. If not installed properly with a sufficient trench, rolls may fail during the first rain event.

       Straw rolls may require maintenance to ensure that the stakes are holding and the rolls are still in contact with the soil. This is especially true on steep slopes in sandy soil.

13. Surface Roughening See Appendix A – 5255

    1. Definition: Roughening is a technique for roughening a bare soil surface with furrows running across the slope, stair stepping (5215), or tracking with construction equipment.

    2. Purpose: Surface Roughening is intended to aid the establishment of vegetative cover from seed, to reduce runoff velocity and increase infiltration, and to reduce erosion and provide for sediment trapping.

    3. Conditions Where Practice Applies: All construction slopes require surface roughening to facilitate long-term stabilization with vegetation, particularly slopes steeper than 3:1.

    4. Planning Considerations: Rough slope surfaces are preferred because they aid the establishment of vegetation, improve water infiltration, and decrease runoff velocity. Graded areas with smooth, hard surfaces may be initially attractive, but such surfaces increase the potential for erosion. A rough, loose soil surface gives a mulching effect that provides more favorable moisture conditions than hard, smooth surfaces; this aids seed germination.

       There are different methods for achieving a roughened soil surface on a slope, and the selection of an appropriate method depends upon the type of slope. Roughening methods include grooved or serrated slope grading, furrowing, and tracking. Factors to be considered in choosing a method are slope steepness, mowing requirements, and whether the slope is formed by cutting or filling

14. Wattles See Appendix A – 5260

    1. Purpose: Wattling functions to reduce erosion and stabilize slopes in several ways:

       1. The wattle bundles, binding rope and stakes are all structural components, which combine to stabilize the surface layers of the slopes by resisting hydraulic and gravitational forces.
       2. Wattling prevents rills and gullies by reducing the effective slope length and thereby dissipating the energy of water moving downslope. Wattles immediately reduce surface erosion.
       3. The terraces formed by a series of wattles trap sediment and detritus. Infiltration is increased as runoff is slowed and on dry sites this increases the available water for plant establishment.
       4. Vegetation establishment is enhanced because wattling provides a suitable microsite for plants by reducing surface erosion, increasing infiltration rates and by forming a series of terraces with shallower slope angles.

    2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Wattling may be used for road fills, road cuts, gullies or slumped areas, eroded slopes or eroding stream banks.

       1. Repair of small earth slips and slumps or to protect slopes from shallow slides 1-2 feet deep.
       2. Wattling may be used to stabilize entire cut or fill slopes or localized gully areas of slopes.
       3. Wattling may be installed during construction (dormant season) or as a remedial action on existing slopes.
       4. Wattling is useful on slopes requiring other planting materials such as, woody vegetation, transplants, grasses, and forbs. Wattling also enhances conditions for natural invasion and the establishment of other plants from the surrounding plant community.

    3. Planning Consideration:

       1. Plant material harvest and installation should be performed during its dormant season, late fall to early spring.
       2. Use site reconnaissance to identify willow species, growth form, and soil and site conditions on adjacent sites and compare their conditions to the construction site. Planting will be more successful as the soil, site conditions, and species selected match stable and vegetated nearby sites.
       3. The ideal plant materials for wattling are those that: 1) root easily; 2) are long, straight and flexible; and 3) are in plentiful supply near the job site. Willow (Salix spp.) makes ideal wattling material. Some species of Baccharis, Cornus, and Populus also have very good rooting ability.
       4. Choose plant material adapted to the site conditions and confirm the availability of plant material that will be used on site before construction begins. Wattling may have limited applications and success in arid environments unless irrigated.
       5. When choosing live willow material for bioengineering applications, remember that young (less than 1 year old) wood or suckers will often sprout easier under optimum conditions but healthy, older wood (1 to 4 years old) has greater vegetative (energy) reserves necessary to consistently sprout and the older wood is much stronger. If possible, mix younger wood with older wood for the bioengineering application such that a majority of the material is 1 to 4 years old.
       6. Research indicates that all cuttings should be soaked for a minimum of 24 hours, whether they are stored or harvested and immediately installed (Hoag 1991; Hoag et al. 1991; Hoag et al. 1992). Some research recommends soaking the cuttings for as much as 10 to 14 days.
       7. Planting willows, in some cases, can adversely interact with other natural forces; such as water hydraulics to cause increased drainage to willows can partially block or deflect currents adversely.

       Willows have several different growth forms, from shrubs to large trees. Small to medium sized shrub-type and rhizomatous or creeping-type willows are used for planting channel banks. Upland willow species are found in relatively dry areas and should be used on similar sites. Tree-type willows are selected for the upper bank and flood plain area.

15. Retaining Walls – The Developer shall design and include retaining walls where necessary. These measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.7 of these standards.

16. Temporary Landscape Irrigation System – In cases where soil erosion control measures are selected by the Developer to meet his project needs, a landscape irrigation system will need to be designed and constructed. The design of such systems shall be done by a licensed Landscape Architect, registered in the State of Utah and shall be reviewed and approved by the City prior to construction. These measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.8 of these standards.

1. General – Protection of channels used in storm water transmission is an important feature in the transmission of storm water flows from their place or origin to either a sedimentation basin, storm water detention basin, or other storm water facility. Since the storm water flows are concentrated in these channels, special care must be taken to ensure that sufficient protection is provided within the channel cross-section to eliminate excessive erosion. The following information is to be considered when designing facilities associated with storm water channels.

2. Energy Dissipators See Appendix A – 5000 – The need for energy dissipaters for reduce water velocities/scour shall be identified through the preparation of a scour and sediment transport study to be prepared for projects which discharge their storm waters into an existing and/or natural runoff channel or stream.

   The Developer’s engineer is to submit design calculations for each energy dissipater in the scour and sediment transport study.

   Energy dissipaters designed with the design procedure as shown in HEC 14 Material and include the following:

   1. The sedimentation basin stabilized with vegetation and mulch protections as required by these standards.
   2. All material used within the energy dissipater shall be capable of allowing vegetative growth in, around or through the structure.
   3. Temporary irrigation system if vegetation is planted outside the native planting window.

3. Grass-Lined Channel See Appendix A – 5010 and 5015

   1. Purpose: Lined protection of drainage ways reduces erosion by lowering water velocity over the soil surface and by binding soil particles with roots. The drainage way is any ground surface over which concentrated runoff travels. It is typically a manmade waterway, swale or ditch. It may also be the upslope flow of water and directs the concentrated flow along the surface of the barrier. Lined channels should be used where:

      1. A vegetative lining can provide sufficient stability for the channel grade by increasing maximum permissible velocity;
      2. Slopes are generally less than five (5%) percent;
      3. Site conditions required to establish vegetation i.e., climate, soils and topography are present.

   2. Design Considerations:

      1. Grass-lined channels resemble natural systems and are usually preferred where design velocities are suitable. Select appropriate vegetation and construct channels early in the construction schedule before grading and paving increase runoff rates.
      2. Generally, grass-lined channels are constructed in stable, low areas to conform to the natural drainage system, but they may also be needed along roadways or property boundary. To reduce erosion potential, design the channel to avoid sharp bends and steep grades. Meandering channels are preferred as they replicate natural systems and assist in slowing velocities.

      The channel cross section should be wide and shallow with relatively flat side slopes so surface water can enter over the vegetated banks without erosion. Riprap may be needed to protect the channel banks at intersections where flow velocities approach allowable limits and turbulence may occur. Cross-section designs include:

      1. Vee-shaped channels are generally used where the quantity of water is relatively small, such as roadside ditches. The V-shaped cross section is desirable because of difficulty stabilizing the bottom, where velocities may be high. A grass or sod lining will suffice where velocities are low or rock or riprap lining may be necessary in higher velocities.
      2. Parabolic grass channels are preferred and often used where larger flows are expected and sufficient space is available. The shape is pleasing and may best fit site conditions. Riprap should be used where higher velocities are expected and where some dissipation of energy (velocity) is desired. Combinations of grass with riprap centers or turf reinforcement mat centers are useful where there is a continuous low flow in the channel.
      3. Trapezoidal grass channels are used where runoff volumes are large and slope is low so that velocities are non-erosive to vegetated linings. Trapezoidal channels generally have concrete or riprap lined center for low flow.
         1. Grass-lined channels must not be subject to sedimentation from disturbed areas.
         2. An established grass-lined channel resembles natural drainage systems and is usually preferred if design velocities are below 5 ft/sec.
         3. Outlets should function with a minimum of erosion. See Appendix A – 5000 Energy Dissipator BMP.
         4. Channels with design velocities greater than 2 ft/sec. will require that turf reinforcement mats, erosion control blankets, fiberglass roving or straw and netting be installed at the time of seeding to provide stability until the vegetation is fully established. It may also be necessary to divert water from the channel until vegetation is established or to line the channel with sod.
         5. Whenever design velocities exceed 4 ft/sec. a permanent turf reinforcement mat or rock lining will be necessary.
         6. Sediment traps may be needed at channel inlets and outlets to prevent sedimentation.

   3. Additional Design Criteria:

      1. Capacity: Sufficient to convey 100 year – 24 hour storm.
      2. Velocity: The allowable design velocity for grass-lined channels is based on soil conditions, type of vegetation, and method of establishment. If design velocity of a channel to be vegetated exceeds 2-4 ft./sec. a channel liner is required.
      3. Depth: The design water surface elevation or a channel receiving water from diversions or other tributary channels shall be equal to or less than the design water surface elevation of the diversion or other tributary channel at the point of intersection. The top width of parabolic and vee-shaped, grass-lined channels shall not exceed 30 feet, and the bottom width of trapezoidal, grass-lined channels shall not exceed 15 feet unless multiple or divided waterways, riprap center, or other means are provided to control meandering of low flows.
      4. Cross-section: The channel shape may be parabolic, trapezoidal, or V-shaped, depending on need and site conditions.
      5. Side slopes: Grassed channel side slopes generally are constructed 3:1 or flatter to aid in the establishment of vegetation and for maintenance.
      6. Grade: Generally restricted to slopes 5% or less. Either a uniform or gradually increasing grade is preferred to avoid sedimentation.

4. Log Check Dam See Appendix A – 5020 – In order to reduce erosion in gullies and other drainage ways, log check dams may be required to be installed as indicated in drawing no. 5020. Logs are to be 4 to 6-inches in diameter which are to be placed vertically into the drainage way soils, adjacent to one another. The purpose of the dams is to slow the flow down the drainage, reduce the centerline slope, thereby reducing the velocity of the water and eventually create a more stable environment and reduce erosion.

5. Riprap See Appendix A – 5030 – The Developer shall provide designed riprap where necessary to protect against soil erosion. Riprap is a layer(s) of stone or rock designed to protect and stabilize the surface of the soil from erosion from water or wind. Riprap may be use to stabilize cut and fill slopes, channel slopes and bottoms, inlets and outlets for culverts, bridges, slopes drains and shorelines to due wave action. These measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.0 of these standards. The design of the riprap for channels or similar structures will be performed in accordance HEC 14, Design of Roadside Channels with flexible linings.

   1. Purpose: To protect the soil surface from erosive forces and/or improve stability of soil slopes that are subject to seepage or have poor soil structure.

   2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Riprap is used for the following applications:

      1. Cut-and-fill slopes subject to seepage or weathering, particularly where conditions prohibit establishment of vegetation,
      2. Channel side slopes and bottoms,
      3. Inlets and outlets for culverts, bridges, slope drains, grade stabilization structures, and storm drains,
      4. Stream bank and stream grades,
      5. Shorelines subject to wave action.

   3. Planning Considerations: Riprap is a versatile, highly erosion-resistant material that can be used effectively in many locations and in a variety of ways to control erosion on construction sites.

      Graded Versus Uniform Riprap: Riprap is classed as either graded or uniform. Graded riprap includes a wide mixture of stone sizes. Uniform riprap consists of stones nearly all the same size.

      Graded riprap is preferred to uniform riprap in most applications because it forms a dense, flexible cover. Uniform riprap is more open and cannot adjust as effectively to movement of the stones. Graded riprap is also cheaper to install requiring less handwork for installation than uniform riprap, which must be placed in a uniform pattern. Uniform riprap may give a more pleasing appearance.

      Riprap sizes are designated by either the mean diameter or the weight of the stones. The diameter specification is often misleading since the stones are usually angular. However, common practice is to specify stone size by the diameter of an equivalent size of spherical stone. Table 1 lists some typical stones by weight, spherical diameter, and the corresponding rectangular dimensions. These stone sizes are based upon an assumed specific weight of 165 lbs/ft3 (2600 kg/m3).

      Table 1

      Weight (lbs.)	Spherical Dia. (ft.)	Length (ft.)	Width/Height (ft.)
      50	0.6	1.4	0.5
      100	1.1	1.8	0.5
      150	1.3	2.0	0.7
      300	1.6	2.6	0.9
      500	1.9	3.0	1.0
      1000	2.2	3.7	1.3
      2000	2.8	5.4	1.8
      4000	3.6	6.0	2.0

      A method commonly used for specifying the range of stone sizes in graded riprap is to designate a diameter for which some percentage, by weight, will be smaller. For example “d85” specifies a mixture of stones in which 85% of the stone by weight would be smaller than the diameter specified. Most designs are based on “d50”, size stones.

      When considering riprap for surface stabilization, it is important to anticipate visual impacts, including weed control, hazards from snakes and other animals, danger of slides and hazards to areas below steep riprap slopes, damage and possible slides from children moving stones, and general safety.

      Proper slope selection and surface preparation are essential for successful long term functioning of riprap. Adequate compaction of fill areas and proper use of filter blankets or aggregate foundation is necessary.

      Sequence of Construction: Schedule disturbance of areas that require riprap protection so the placement of riprap can follow immediately after grading. When riprap is used for outlet protection, place the riprap before, or in conjunction with the installation of the structure so that it is in place before the first runoff event.

   4. Design Criteria:

      1. Gradation: Riprap should be a well-graded mixture with fifty (50%) percent by weight larger than the specified design size. The diameter of the largest stone size in such a mixture should be 1.5 times the d50 size with smaller sizes grading down to 1-inch.
      2. Size: The designer should determine the riprap size that will be stable for site conditions. Having determined the design stone size, the designer should then select the size or sizes that equal or exceed riprap gradation commercially available in the area. For more design criteria see references; Association of Bay Area Governments, Manual of Standards for Erosion and Sediment Control Measures; HEC 11 – Use of Riprap for Bank Protection.
      3. Thickness: Construction techniques, dimensions of the area to be protected, size and gradation of the riprap, the frequency and duration of flow, difficulty and cost of maintenance, and consequence of failure should be considered when determining the thickness of riprap linings. The minimum thickness should be 1.5 times the maximum stone diameter, but in no case less than 6 inches.
      4. Quality of stone: Stone for riprap may consist of fieldstone or quarry stone. The stone should be hard, angular, of such quality that it will not break down on exposure to water or weathering, and suitable in all other respects for the purpose intended. The specific gravity of the individual stones should be at least 2.5.
      5. Size of Stone: The sizes of stone used for riprap protection are determined by purpose and specific site conditions.
      6. Slope Stabilization: Riprap stone for slope stabilization not subject to flowing water or wave action should be sized for stability for the proposed grade. The gradient of the slope to be stabilized should be less than the natural angle of repose of the stone selected. Riprap used for surface stabilization of slopes does not add significant resistance to sliding or slope failure and should not be considered a retaining wall. The inherent stability of the soil must be satisfactory before riprap is used for surface stabilization. Slopes approaching 1.5:1 may require special stability analysis.
      7. Outlet protection: Design criteria for sizing stone and determining the dimensions of riprap pads at channel or conduit outlets are presented in: USDA, SCS Field Design Manual; Manual of Standards for Erosion and Sediment Control Measures-Association of Bay Area Governments and other engineering design manuals.

      8. Filter Blanket: A filter blanket is a layer of material placed between the riprap and the underlying soil to prevent soil movement into or through the riprap.

         A suitable filter may consist of a well-graded gravel or sand-gravel layer or a synthetic filter fabric manufactured for this purpose. The design of a gravel filter blanket is based on the ratio of particle size in the overlying filter material to that of the base material in accordance with the criteria below. The designed gravel filter blanket may consist of several layers of increasingly large particles from sand to erosion control stone.

         A gravel filter blanket should have the following relationship for a stable design:

         d15 filter / d85 base ≤ 5

         5 ≤ d15 filter / d15 base ≤ 40

         d50 filter / d50 base ≤ 40

         In these relationships, filter refers to the overlying material and base refers to the underlying material. These relationships must hold between the filter material and the base material (soil foundation) and between the riprap and the filter. More than one layer of filter material may be needed. Each layer of filter material should be at least 6 inches thick.

         A synthetic filter fabric may be used with or in place of gravel filters. The following particle size relationships should exist:

         1. Filter fabric covering a base with granular particles containing fifty (50%) percent or less (by weight) of fine particles (less than U.S. Standard Sieve No. 200:

            d85 base (mm) / EOS * filterfabric > 1

            • total open area of filter should not exceed 36%

         2. Filter fabric covering other soils:

            • EOS is no larger than U.S. standard sieve no. 70
            • total open area of filter should not exceed 10%

         *EOS – Equivalent Opening Size compared to a U.S. standard sieve size.

         No filter fabric should have less than 4% open area or an EOS less than U.S. Standard Sieve No. 100. The permeability of the fabric must be greater than that of the soil. The fabric may be made of woven or nonwoven monofilament yarns and should meet the following minimum requirements:

         1. Thickness 20-60 mils,
         2. Grab strength 90-120 lbs,
         3. Conform to ASTM D-1682 or ASTM D-177.

         Filter blankets should always be provided where seepage is significant or where flow velocity and duration of flow or turbulence may cause the underlying soil particles to move through the riprap.

6. Rock-Lined Channel See Appendix A – 5040

   1. Purpose: To convey concentrated surface runoff without erosion.

   2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: This practice applies where design flow exceeds 2 ft./sec such that channel lining is required, but conditions are not suitable for vegetative protection. Specific conditions include:

      1. All roadside ditches or drainage channels greater than two (2%) percent and located in highly erodable soils that have a low maximum permissible velocity.
      2. The channel design velocity exceeds that allowable for a grass-lined channel.
      3. The channel will continue to down-cut without protection because it is adjusting to increased flow or a new base line (outlet elevation).

   3. Design Criteria:

      1. Capacity: peak runoff from 100-year storm.
      2. Side slopes: 2:1 or flatter.
      3. Stone size: d= 2 inch minimum. Use engineering design procedures for sizing riprap for large or critical drainage channels. See reference material, Association of Bay Area Governments, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, or for the design of stable channels.
      4. Riprap thickness: T= 1.5 times the stone diameter or as shown on the plans; 6 inch thick minimum.
      5. Foundation: Extra-strength filter fabric or an aggregate filter layer, if required.
      6. Use a foundation for decomposed granite sands or other highly erodable soils.
      7. Channel cross section should conform as shown on plans for design high flow.
      8. Outlet must be stable.

7. Straw Bale Sediment Barrier Check Dam See Appendix A – 5055

   1. Purpose: Straw bale sediment barriers are intended to intercept and detain small amounts of sediment. These barriers are suited for small channel flow situations; however, they may require significant maintenance to ensure their function. Areas where straw bale barriers could apply include:

      1. The drainage area is 1 acre or less;
      2. The maximum slope gradient for the swale above the barrier is 2:1;
      3. The maximum slope length above the barrier is 100 ft.;
      4. The flow is less than 2 ft 3/sec. flow.

   2. Design Considerations: The straw bales are either wire-bound or nylon string tied. Wire-bound bales may deteriorate rapidly if the wire is placed in contact with the soil. Straw bales have a useful life of less than 6 months; however the life is extended when used with filter fabric. If used, the filter fabric should cover the bales, be enveloped in the rock at the spillway in order to better filter out fine soil particles, and extend beyond the spillway to act as an energy dissipater.

      Design considerations should include the following:

      1. Drainage area;
      2. Runoff velocities;
      3. Secure installation;
      4. Compatibility with existing topography;
      5. Spillways or energy dissipators;
      6. Use of extraneous materials such as rocks, and/or filter fabric;
      7. Accessibility for maintenance, repairs, and cleaning.

8. Straw Bale Dike See Appendix A – 5060

   1. Purpose: A straw bale dike intercepts and detains small amounts of sediment transported by sheet type runoff. The dikes detain sediment by ponding water and allowing sediment to settle out. Straw bale dikes also slow runoff velocities, thus reducing sheet and rill erosion. Straw bale dikes are also useful for erosion and sediment control around the perimeter of a construction site. Straw bale dikes may be used where the following conditions apply:

      1. The placement area is not a slope nor likely to receive concentrated runoff;
      2. The maximum slope gradient above the barrier is 2:1;
      3. The maximum slope length above the barrier is 100 feet;
      4. The placement area is suitable for ponding of sheet runoff and sedimentation can occur.

   2. Design Considerations:

      1. The bales are to be placed along the slope contour or at the toe of the slope.
      2. The principal mode of action is to pond water and allow particles to settle. Straw bale dikes are not designed to withstand high heads of water, therefore they should be located where shallow pools can form.
      3. Straw bale dikes are suitable for sheet flow only.

      Straw bales have a useful life of less than 6 months; however, the life is extended when used with filter fabric. When installed straw bale dikes must be trenched in and appropriately butted and anchored. Loose straw debris must be cleaned up on a regular basis.

9. Temporary Diversion Dike See Appendix A – 5065

   1. Purposes:

      1. To divert storm runoff from upslope drainage areas away from unprotected disturbed areas and slopes to a stabilized outlet.
      2. To divert sediment-laden runoff from a disturbed area to a sediment-trapping facility such as a sediment trap or sediment basin.
      3. The upslope dike can improve working conditions at the construction site and prevent erosion. The downslope dike assures that sediment-laden runoff will not leave the site without treatment.

   2. Planning Considerations:

      1. It is very important that a temporary diversion dike be stabilized immediately following installation with temporary or permanent vegetation to prevent erosion of the dike itself. The gradient must have a positive grade to assure drainage, but if the gradient is too great, precautions must be taken to prevent erosion due to high velocity channel flow behind the dike.
      2. This practice can use material available on the site and can usually be constructed with equipment needed for site grading. Stabilizing the dike with vegetation can extend the useful life of the practice. Diversion dikes are sometimes preferable to silt fence because they are more durable, less expensive, and require much less maintenance when constructed properly. When used with sediment trap or sediment basin they become a logical choice for a control measure once the control limits of the silt fence or straw bale barrier have been exceeded.
      3. Temporary diversion dikes are often used as a perimeter control in association with a sediment trap or a sediment basin, or a series of sediment-trapping facilities, on moderate to large construction sites. If installed properly and in the first phase of grading, maintenance costs are very low.

   3. Design Considerations:

      1. Drainage Area: 5 acres or less
      2. Velocity: maximum permissible velocity

      3. Recommended Dike Design:

         Recommended Dike Design

         Design Element	Requirement
         Side slope	2:1 or flatter
         Width	2 foot (top width)
         Height	1.5 feet
         Freeboard	0.5 feet

      4. Channel Design:

         Channel Design

         Design Element	Requirement
         Shape	Parabolic or trapezoidal recommended
         Side slope	2:1 or flatter
         Stabilization	Vegetation or riprap

      5. Grade: The channel behind the dike shall have a positive grade to a stabilized outlet. If the channel slope is less than or equal to two (2%) percent, no stabilization is required. If the slope is greater than two (2%) percent, the channel shall be stabilized.
      6. Outlet: Divert sediment-laden water into a temporary sediment trap or sediment basin. Runoff form undisturbed areas should empty into an outlet protection unless well stabilized natural outlets exist.

1. General – The storm drain and flood control system is more specifically discussed in the Storm Drainage and Flood Control Design and Construction Standards. The following information is very general in nature and the Developer in designing and constructing these facilities shall use the above-mentioned standards.

   1. Master Plan Compliance – Developers shall be familiar with the City’s current Master Drainage Plan and other storm drainage and flood control reports and master plans. The current storm water master plan as of the date of the writing of these standards is the “Master Drainage Plan” dated December 2003 and prepared by Bowen Collins and Associates. Developer shall contact the City’s Engineering Department for information regarding these reports prior to beginning design of these types of facilities.

   2. Design Criteria – Developers shall use the design criteria specified in the City’s current Storm Drainage and Flood Control Design and Construction Standards. These standards are available from the City’s Engineering Department.

2. Retention/Detention Basins – The Developer shall design and include regional (master planned) and on-site retention/detention basins as part of the project. The design of regional and on-site retention/detention basins shall be performed in accordance with the City’s current Storm Drainage and Flood Control Design and Construction Standards, Master Drainage Plan and other pertinent master plans and studies. The design will also fulfill the requirements of Phase II of the UPDES. These measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.11 of these standards.

3. Storm Drain System – The Developer shall design and include master planned and local storm drainage pipeline and other appurtenances as part of the project. The design of storm drainage facilities, including pipelines, shall be performed in accordance with the City’s current Storm Drainage and Flood Control Design and Construction Standards, Master Drainage Plan and other pertinent master plans and studies. These measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.12 of these standards.

4. Storm Drain Sediment Protection

   1. Drop Inlet Sediment Barriers (See Appendix A – 5300 and 5330)

      1. Purpose: Drop Inlet sediment barriers are intended to prevent sediment from entering the storm drains during construction operations. This practice allows early use of the storm drain system and is applicable for the phased construction schedule of a wet weather plan. Sediment-laden runoff is ponded before entering the storm drain, thus allowing some sediment to fall out of suspension.

      2. Design Considerations: A straw bale drop inlet sediment barrier can be used where the inlet is intended to drain a relatively flat disturbed area (slopes less than 5%) in which runoff velocity is low — less than 0.5 ft³/sec. Barriers of this type should not be placed around inlets receiving concentrated flows such as those along major streets or highways. This practice must not be used near the edge of fill material and must not divert water over cuts or fills.

         The contributing drainage area should be one acre maximum. The ponding area shall be relatively flat (less than 1%) with sediment storage of 35 yds³ per disturbed acre.

         As an optional design, the straw bales may be omitted and the entire structure made of gravel and stone, see Appendix A – 5300 and 5330. A structure made entirely of stone is commonly called a “gravel doughnut.” The top elevation of the sediment structure must be at least 6 inches lower than the surrounding ground elevation downslope from the inlet. It is important that all storm flows pass over the structure and into the storm drain, and not past the structure. Temporary diking below the structure may be necessary to prevent bypass flow. Material may be excavated from inside the sediment pool for this purpose.

   2. Continuous Berm (See Appendix A – 5305)

      1. Purpose: A continuous berm is used to divert and intercept sheet type runoff. Continuous berms are useful for erosion and sediment control around the perimeter of a construction site. The berms can be used to detain and pond sediment-laden storm water and allow the sediment to settle out.

      2. Conditions Where Practice Applies:

         1. Whenever storm water runoff must be temporarily diverted to protect disturbed areas or sediment must be retained on site during construction.
         2. Continuous berms can be used in conjunction with or instead of silt fence and straw bale dike for perimeter type sediment control.
         3. Continuous berms, for sediment control, may be used where:
         4. sheet and rill flows would occur;
         5. the area drains to the barrier 1 acre or less;
         6. the maximum slope gradient above the barrier is 2:1;
         7. and the slope length above the barrier is 100 feet maximum.

      3. Design Considerations:

         1. Continuous berms require a Continuous Berm Machine (CBM). The CBM is a material feeding (hopper) and fabric-rolling system that creates the continuous berm by ‘wrapping’ geosynthetic material around sand, aggregate, or soil.
         2. Trenching is not necessary. Continuous berms should be applied to relatively smooth surfaces to form a tight seal between barrier and the ground.
         3. Staking is not necessary since the density of the berm is approximately 100 lbs/ft³. The fabric is flexible so the barrier can stretch and curve and allow the berm to conform tightly to ground surface irregularities.
         4. The CBM requires a source of filler materials, either sand, aggregate or local soils. When used in conjunction with a transit mixer discharging sand and/or aggregates it is possible to produce berm at a rate of approximately 50 ft/min. Using local soils can reduce that rate by 2/3.

         Continuous berms can be used to pond water and allow sediment to settle out. Continuous berms can be constructed as filter berms, with aggregate and permeable geosynthetic materials intended to facilitate its drainage of the ponded water. Segments of the continuous berm may be filled with aggregate to produce “drainage chambers” and/or drainage pipes with or without risers may be used with the berms.

   3. Curb Inlet and Drop Inlet Sediment Barriers (See Appendix A – 5315, 5320, 5325 and 5330)

      1. Purpose: Curb inlet and drop inlet sediment barriers are intended to reduce the sediment discharged into storm drains by ponding the runoff and allowing the sediment to settle out. The structures allow for overflow from high runoff events and the gravel allows the ponds to dewater rapidly.

      2. Design Considerations: The gavel filled sandbag curb inlet and block and gravel sediment barrier can be used at curb inlets on gently sloping, paved streets where:

         1. water can pond and allow sediment to separate out of suspension; and
         2. runoff is relatively low, less than 0.5 ft³/sec.

         Once the small catchment areas behind the sandbags or block and gravel fill with sediment, future sediment-laden runoff will enter the storm drain without being desilted. Therefore, sediment must be removed from these structures during or after each storm. Additional storage can be obtained by constructing a series of sandbag barriers along the gutter so that each barrier traps small amounts of sediment.

1. General – Protection of channels used in storm water transmission is an important feature in the transmission of storm water flows from their place or origin to either a sedimentation basin, storm water detention basin, or other storm water facility. Since the storm water flows are concentrated in these channels, special care must be taken to ensure that sufficient protection is provided within the channel cross-section to eliminate erosion. Any work performed in streams under the jurisdiction of the Corp of Army Engineers (COE) are to meet their requirements. The following information is to be considered when designing facilities associated with storm water channels.

2. Coir Roll and Coir Mats (See Appendix A – 5400)

   1. Purpose: Coir rolls and coir mats are commonly used for stream bank stabilization and shoreline protection. These bioengineering components provide immediate erosion control while also providing a stable medium to support the growth and development of plants. The coir (coconut fiber) material is natural, long lasting, and has high tensile strength. The fiber material can replace commonly used structural components such as rocks, riprap or logs. The coir rolls and mats can then be planted with appropriate vegetation. The fiber rolls and mats accumulate sediment while the plants grow and the plants roots develop. Eventually the coir material biodegrades and the cohesive strength of the root systems and flexible nature of the plants become the primary stabilizing element.

   2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Soil bioengineering techniques utilizing coir rolls and coir mats are generally appropriate for:

      1. Stream bank stabilization;
      2. Shoreline stabilization;
      3. Wetland mitigation or restoration; and
      4. Other riparian areas where immediate erosion control is needed while also creating hospitable conditions for plant establishments.

      Where perennial flows of water occur, coir rolls are generally placed offshore to break waves or applied at the toe of stream bank as a type of soft armor. Coir rolls provide a substrate for plant growth and facilitate sedimentation behind the roll by capturing sediment, mineral and organic materials.

   3. Design Considerations: Bioengineering techniques utilizing coir rolls mats and vegetation should be considered as an alternative to stone revetments or other structural measures. Bioengineering techniques address aesthetic and ecological concerns by encouraging vegetation and wildlife habitat. Bioengineering techniques rely on plants and structures to function together in mutually reinforcing and complimentary rolls. With coir rolls and coir mats, the high tensile strength coconut fibers, fiber netting and the wooden stakes used to anchor the material all comprise the structural components of the system.

      Coir rolls, coir netting and coir mats also have high moisture retention properties and will generally last from 4-12 years. However, coir fiber’s strength, longevity and ability to hold moisture depend on the type, density and grade of coir material chosen.

      Traditional processing of coconut fibers result in several different grades of coir. During processing, the initially separated fiber is called mattress fiber coir, which is very short, thin and flimsy. The next grade of coir separated from the husk is called omat fiber coir. Once the mattress and omat fiber coir are separated, the remaining coir is called bristle fiber coir. Bristle fiber coir is longer, thicker, heavier and stronger compared to the other types.

      Coir rolls are commonly available in 12-inch, 16-inch, and 20-inch diameters. The density of the coir logs and coir mats depends on the type of fibers used in construction and how tightly the fibers are compacted. Tensile strength, unit weight, open area, thickness and coir type are important properties to consider when woven coir blankets, and coir netting or coir rolls are specified. For instance, high density coir rolls, 9 lbs/ft³, might be more appropriate for high wave or high stream energy situations when low density rolls, 6 lbs/ft³, would be perfectly acceptable for wetland mitigation. Use light density coir if plant establishment is the only goal. Use high-density coir if protection from high wave or high stream energy, longevity and plant establishment is the project goals.

3. Gabions (See Appendix A – 5400)

   1. Purpose: To protect stream banks from the erosive forces of moving water. Rock-filled gabions can be used to armor the bed and/or banks of channels or used to divert flow away from eroding channel sections.

   2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Rock-filled or vegetated rock gabions are applicable to stream bank sections which are subject to excessive erosion due to increased flows or disturbance during construction. This practice is applicable where flow velocities exceed 6 ft/sec. and where vegetative stream bank protection alone is not sufficient. Gabions can be used to construct deflectors or groins intended to divert flow away from eroding stream bank sections. Gabions are also used to construct retaining walls and grade control structures.

      1. Gabion Mattresses, also referred to as Reno mattresses or revet mattresses are not as thick as standard gabions, usually 0.5, .75, 1-foot. Gabion mattresses are used to line channels, armor stream banks and slopes, and used with gabions for grade control structures (spillways or aprons).

      Gabions and gabion mattresses are often preferable to rock riprap alone. For any given hydraulic condition, the gabion or gabion mattress revetment thickness is one third (1/3) of an equivalent riprap design.

      Gabions and gabion mattresses are flexible and free draining thus allowing some soil settling. They can be used in unstable streambeds and stream banks. Gabions can provide an important component to a ‘bioengineering’ solution for stream bank or slope erosion because they allow the growth and establishment of natural vegetation.

      Gabions containers are generally fabricated from a double-twist, hexagonal mesh of heavily zinc coated wire. Some gabions use welded wire. As an option the wire can be coated with PVC. Wire diameter is 0.086 inches for the double twisted gabion mattress and 0.106-0.120-inches for the double twisted gabion. The welded wire gabion use wire diameters of 0.120-inches or greater.

      The rectangular gabion is divided into cells with diaphragms of equal capacity. The compartments add strength and assure that the full material remains evenly distributed. Gabions and gabion mattresses come in various sizes. Choose the dimensions of the gabions or combination of gabions to meet the design requirement site conditions.

      Table 1. Typical gabion sizes

      Letter code	Length ft	Width ft	Depth ft	# of cells	Capacity in CY
      A	6	3	3	1	2
      B	9	3	3	2	3
      C	12	3	3	3	4
      D	6	3	1.5	1	1
      E	9	3	1.5	2	1.5
      F	12	3	1.5	3	2
      G	6	3	1	1	0.666
      H	9	3	1	2	1
      I	12	3	1	3	1.333
      T	9	6	.75	3	2.0
      U	12	6	.75	4	1.33
      Q	9	6	.5	3	1.33
      S	9	6	.5	2	1.0

      The mesh opening for gabions is typically or nominally 3.25 x 4.5 inches (TYPE 8 x 10). Some gabion mattresses have mesh openings of approximately 2.5 x 3.25 inches (TYPE 6 x 8). Both styles perform hydraulically equivalent.

   3. Site Considerations: All of the general stream bank stabilization considerations are to be followed. The following are specific considerations for gabion structures. Gabion walls are appropriate where:

      1. The vertical integrity of a soil bank needs a higher tensile strength to reduce sloughing of the stream bank.
      2. There is moderate to excessive sub-surface water movements that may be creating erosion and damage other types of non-permeable structures.
      3. An excessively steep stream bank must be stabilized and vegetative or extreme mechanical means of stabilization (i.e., pulling back bank) are not feasible due to site conditions.
      4. Where slope must be modified while heavy machinery is unavailable to the site.
      5. Fill must be disposed of along an eroding stream bank (fill can be placed behind gabion to modify slope).
      6. A retaining or toe wall is needed to stabilize the slope.
      7. Rock riprap is an appropriate practice but the available or desired rock size (smaller) is not sufficient alone to resist the expected shear stress exerted on the revetment.

   4. Types of Gabion Structures:

      1. Gabion Wall – a gabion wall is basically a gravity wall, which relies on their own weight and frictional resistance to resist sliding and overturning from lateral earth pressure.
      2. Vegetated Rock Gabion – a rock-filled gabion earth-retaining structure, which has live branches, placed between each consecutive layer of rock-filled baskets. The live branches will take root inside the gabion and into the soil behind the structure. The vegetation will consolidate the structures and bind it to the slope.
      3. Gabion Deflector – deflector or groins project into the streams and divert flows away from eroding stream bank sections.
      4. Gabion Aprons – rock filled gabions or gabions mattress used as outlet protection, energy dissipators or spillways. These semi-flexible gabions are designed to settle without fracture and adhere to the ground if scour occurs.
      5. Grade Control – drop structures or weirs. Gabion baskets and mattresses can be combined to construct check dams or weirs.
      6. Channel Lining – gabion mattresses can be used to line channels. The lining thickness depends on many factors such as the type of rock, design flow velocity, sediment and bedload, and channel gradient.

4. Structural Stream Bank Stabilization (See Appendix A – 5410)

   1. Purpose: To protect stream banks from the erosive forces of moving water, where vegetative or bioengineered methods are insufficient or infeasible.

   2. Conditions Where Practice Applies: Applicable to stream bank sections, which are subject to excessive erosion due to increased flows or disturbance during construction. Generally applicable where flow velocities exceed 6 ft/sec. or where vegetative stream bank protection is inappropriate.

   3. Planning Consideration:

      1. Stream channel erosion problems vary widely in type and scale and there is no one measure that works in all cases. Stabilization structures should be planned and designed by an engineer with experience in this field.
      2. The purpose of this specification is merely to point out some of the practices, which are available, and to establish some broad guidelines for their selection and design.
      3. Before selecting a structural stabilization technique, the designer should carefully evaluate the possibility of using vegetative stabilization alone or in conjunction with structural measures, to achieve the desired protection. Vegetative techniques are, generally, less costly and more compatible with natural stream characteristics.

   4. Design Criteria: Since each channel segment requiring protection is unique, measures for structural stream bank protection should be installed according to a plan based on specific site conditions. Develop designs according to the following principles:

      1. Make protective measures compatible with other channel modifications planned or being carried out in other channel reaches.
      2. Use the minimum design velocity of the peak discharge of the 10-year storm. Structural measures must be effective for this design flow and must be capable of withstanding greater flows without serious damage. Riprap, gabions or other suitable materials should be used to stabilize the stream banks to the 10-year flood level or the top, whichever is lower.
      3. Ensure that the channel bottom is stable or stabilized by structural means before installing any permanent bank protection.
      4. Ensure that stream bank protection extends between stabilized or controlled points along the stream.
      5. Do not change channel alignment without a complete evaluation of the anticipated effect on the rest of the stream channel, especially downstream.
      6. Give special attention to maintaining and improving habitat for fish and wildlife.

      The upper portion of the bank should be covered with topsoil suitable for growing grasses, shrubs, and trees.

1. General – By the use of sediment control on the project, the Developer/Builder needs to acknowledge the following

   1. Maintenance of the sediment controls will be performed on a weekly basis or as directed by the City.

   2. Regrading will occur on a regular basis as necessary to eliminate concentrated flows.

   3. Sediment Control Inspections forms are to be filled out on a weekly basis and provided to the City. Sediment controls contained herein, cover the period of time of first land disturbance through and including final stabilization of the soil by vegetation, concrete, pavement or other City approved material. Failure to maintain sediment controls or to submit completed inspection forms will be the basis for a Work Stop being placed on the project and a Class C Misdemeanor issued. The sediment controls discussed herein are required on all projects without exception, other approved sediment controls are discussed in section 3.

   4. Mud tracking – Each construction site is required to have facilities and practices in place which eliminate the tracking of mud from the construction site onto City roadways. This shall mean that each construction site shall have in place, at least one construction entrance equipped with wash-down equipment to wash off vehicles and their tires so that mud is not tracked onto City streets.

2. Construction Entrances (See Appendix A – 5105) – A pad of crushed stone, aggregate, and gravel located where the construction traffic enters or leaves a construction site. The purpose of the construction entrance is to reduce the potential for vehicles tracking sediment, dirt or debris from the construction site onto City streets. In the event of a storm, water event the stone or gravel will act as a check dam retention structure to control flows. It is the intent of this requirement that the adjacent paved surfaces will remain free of materials tracked off of the site. The developer is required to maintain clean streets at all times.

   At any point of ingress or egress at a construction site, where adjacent traveled way is paved, a stabilized construction entrance will be installed. The following shall be taken into account in design of such an entrance:

   1. Native soils will not be allowed as part of construction of the construction entrance.

   2. The construction entrance shall not extend more than 3-feet into the paved area.

   3. 2 to 3-inch course aggregate shall be used.

   4. The course aggregate shall be place to a sufficient depth to protect the street, sidewalk and curbing but shall not be less than 8-inches in depth.

   5. The construction entrance is to extend a minimum of 50-feet behind the curb and gutter.

   6. Geotextile fabric shall be used for entrances.

   7. All ingress and egress to the construction site is limited to the use of this entrance unless otherwise approved. More than one entrance is allowed, however, the perimeter protection shall not deteriorate.

   At a point of ingress or egress at a construction site, where the area is unapproved, the following conditions will apply:

   1. Clear, grub and grade the area to provide a slope of 2-percent, minimum.

   2. Compact the subgrade as required.

   3. Place a designed geotextile separation fabric as part of the construction entrance.

   4. Place coarse aggregate, 2 to 3-inches in size to a depth of 8-inches minimum.

   The Developer is responsible for maintaining the construction entrance as follows:

   1. Inspect the entrance daily for loss of gravel and/or sediment buildup.

   2. Inspect adjacent roads daily for gravel or sediment deposits.

   3. Clean areas by sweeping or shoveling not by washing down the area with water.

   4. Repair the entrance and replace gravel as required to maintain entrance in good working order.

   5. Expand entrance area as required to accommodate traffic, prevent damage to concrete structures and avoid sediment being wash away in a storm water event.

   The construction entrance shall be removed once the project has received final inspection approval and the front of the lot has been landscaped to the approval of the erosion control specialist.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02276 – Stabilized Construction Entrance

3. Sedimentation Basins (See Appendix A – 5110) – The need for sediment basins shall be identified through the preparation of a scour and sediment transport study to be prepared for projects which discharge their storm waters into a natural runoff channel or stream. The study shall be prepared by a registered civil engineer experienced in sediment transport and scour analysis and shall be approved by the City prior to the Developer retaining the consultant. An outline of the report shall be submitted to the City for approval prior to initiating the study. The draft of the report shall be submitted to the City for review and comment and the City’s comments shall be incorporated into the report prior to finalizing the report. The final report shall indicate recommendations to eliminate/reduce scour and sediment transport in the existing natural discharge channel and shall also identify the size, location and proposed generalized design of any sedimentation basins needed for the project to include.

   1. Energy dissipaters designed with the design procedure as shown in HEC 14.

   2. The sedimentation basin stabilized with vegetation and the mulch protection as required by the City’s Effective Planting Plan.

   3. All materials used within the sedimentation basin shall be capable of allowing vegetative growth in around or through the structure. Concrete energy dissipaters are discouraged.

   4. Temporary irrigation system if vegetation is planted outside the native planting window.

   5. If the basin is also used as a detention basin or has a flow outlet demonstrate the flow path length is sufficient enough to have sediment drop.

   6. Complies with the UPDES Phase II requirements.

   The preliminary and final design of the sedimentation basin shall be reviewed and approved by the City prior to proceeding.

4. Concrete Structures – The design of concrete structures related to grading, erosion and sedimentation control and revegetation shall be performed by a registered civil engineer. The developer’s engineer shall submit a comparison of structures indicating concrete structures are the only stable structures to use. The design shall take into account the requirements of Section 3.9 of these standards

5. Limits of Disturbance (LOD) Control – The Developer shall design the project to provide for LOD control. LOD is considered to be a minimum protection when erosion control methods are not used. These measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.5 of these standards.

1. General – The purpose of this effort is to establish native and other appropriate plant species on disturbed areas, which will assist in the stabilizing of these disturbed areas, and reduce the possibility of erosion. Other support efforts associated with vegetation and revegetation will include seedbed preparation, topsoil, appropriate mulch protection, energy dissipaters and other areas which will assist in allowing cut and fill slopes and other disturbed areas in being revegetated.

2. Planting and Irrigation of Cut and Fill Slopes – All cut and fill slopes greater than three (3′) feet in height shall be planted and irrigated with a sprinkler system in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

   1. The land disturbance permit holder, or his authorized representatives, shall be responsible for installing all landscaping in accordance with an approved landscape planting plan, for a sprinkler system, and for maintaining all cut and fill slopes. The installation of the landscaping and of the required sprinkler system shall be complete within six (6) months after the date of the termination of the grading. Deviations from the requirements of this section may be permitted in exceptional circumstances or where unavoidable hardship would result from a strict application of these requirements when a waiver has first been obtained from the Planning Commission. A separate bond or cash deposit shall be posted with the City Engineer to guarantee such landscaping, sprinkler system, and the maintenance thereof, and such bond or cash deposit, or portions thereof, shall not be released until the landscaping has been established for at least one hundred, twenty (120) days after planting and permanent responsibility for the landscape maintenance has been established.

   2. Landscaping planting plan. A landscaping planting plan shall be prepared and submitted for approval by the City Engineer and the Community Development Director prior to obtaining a land disturbance permit. A soil test shall be made to determine the plant materials which are suitable for the slopes, and the plant materials utilized on the slopes shall be compatible with the soils report and in accordance with the approved planting schedule or as required by a condition of a site plan or final plat map. There shall be a variety of ground covers, trees, and shrubs incorporated into the landscaping plan and utilizing plants from the “Approved Planting Schedule” set forth in subsection (d) of this section. Other plant materials may be substituted for the “Approved Planting Schedule” if submitted and recommended by a registered landscape architect and approved by the City Engineer.

   3. Irrigation plan. An irrigation plan for the sprinkler system to be installed on all cut and fill slopes shall be submitted to and approved by the City Engineer prior to the issuance of the land disturbance permit.

   4. Approved planting schedule. All plants required by the provisions of this section shall select from Section 2.15.C. Vegetation and Revegetation Development Standards and 2.15.D. Effective Planting Plan of these standards.

3. Vegetation and Revegetation Development Standards

   1. Native vegetation shall be removed only when absolutely necessary; e.g. for the construction of buildings, roads and fill areas, as approved by the City Planning Commission. When removal of vegetation is required see Tree Removal Application Standard and information contained herein:

      Limits of Disturbance Table

      Area	Maximum Limits of Disturbance
      Roads	The catch line of road, plus two feet.
      Buildings	The foot print of the building plus 10 ft. (total 5ft in each direction)
      Fill areas	The toe of slope plus 2 ft.
      Cut Slopes	Top of slope

      1. The Developer or Contractor shall provide a barrier of protection at the limits of disturbance to prevent additional areas from being disturbed.

   2. Revegetation of areas within the area of disturbance will be as required within 3 weeks of reaching final grade. Temporary irrigation will be required during the initial establishment of the vegetation unless waved by the Erosion Control Specialist. Temporary irrigation is defined as aboveground water dispersion system. The Developer shall remove the temporary irrigation system after approval of the Cit Engineer.

   3. The Developer shall submit the proposed seed mix to the City and provide the following for each bag of seed used 30 day before starting the revegetation.

      1. Labeling and identifying the contents of the seed mixture by scientific and common name).

      2. Quantity of seed as a function of pure live seed (PLS).

         PLS = purity x germination.

      3. Date of the germination or tetrezolium tests

      4. The date of analysis shown on each bag shall be within nine months of the time of use.

      5. The City reserves the right to request a sample of the seed mixture for the purpose of analysis and testing. The Developer shall pay for said testing.

   4. Seedlings and shrubs are to be indigenous to the area being revegetated. The seedlings and shrubs should:

      1. Be from a reputable dealer

      2. Identified with scientific and common name

      3. Temporary irrigation, as defined above, shall be required during the initial establishment of the seedlings or vegetation.

   5. All seeds, seedlings, shrubs and trees shall be protected with a mulch material that has been designed for site-specific conditions. The mulch material shall meet the following criteria:

      1. The City’s Effective Planting Plan will be used in determining mulch protection required for the seed.

      2. Test results from an independent testing agency (i.e. TTI, UWRL) will be submitted to the City, indicating that the mulch material proposed is appropriate for the specific conditions of the site, including that the mulch material is compatible with the proposed seed mix.

      3. Submit to the Engineering Department, acceptable results from the Universal Soil Loss Calculations (USLE) or the Revised Universal Soil Loss Calculations (RUSLE), indicating that the soil loss does not exceed 15 times the baseline calculated soil loss. This analysis is to be performed by one of the following individuals; soil conservationist, agronomist, certified professional erosion and sediment control specialist.

      4. The mulch material application guidelines that indicate site specific conditions.

   6. The revegetation work shall be performed by persons or firms, having expertise in revegetation of similar site-specific site conditions on the proposed revegetation site. The revegetation contractors, erosion control specialist and landscape architects are acceptable providing they can demonstrate their expertise in revegetation of similar site-specific conditions.

   7. At the request of the Developer and/or at the end of the warranty period, which is three years, of the revegetation bond, the City will perform an inspection to determine if the vegetation has been established enough to prevent future erosion. The technical procedure in determining if the vegetation has been established enough to stabilize the soil against either rill or gully erosion is the quadrant frame method or the step transect method. Both methods suffice in comparing plant cover, species richness and acceptable soil loss and shall be covered on revegetated area and adjacent undisturbed and/or native site. Either method will be performed at several randomly selected locations. A reclaimed herbaceous natural plant community having 80% of the cover and species abundance of adjacent undisturbed perennial vegetation will be deemed successful.

   8. Revegetation Bond and Revegetation Agreement: A revegetation bond shall be established in accordance with Resolution No. ______. A fully executed revegetation agreement shall accompany the bond.

4. Effective Planting Plan – To satisfy the revegetation requirements of the City ordinances and the International Building Code, IBC, this effective planting plan has been compiled. The proper and recommended installation of the material state herein, is a requirement to satisfy the revegetation bond release periods.

   1. Temporary Seeding – Subdivisions and other developments may benefit from temporary seeding. The intent of this seeding is to temporarily control dust, control weeds, and reduce the possibility of erosion on vacant lots until permanent-stabilizing measures can be implemented. Care should be taken to use a seed mixture that will not compete with establishing permanent seeding. Temporary seeding requires the same irrigation requirements and mulch protection requirements, as does permanent seeding. The use of temporary seeding does not satisfy the requirements of the Revegetation Bond and used in areas with slopes less than 5 H.: 1 H. Seed suppliers should be contacted for the most current seed available before specifying the seed mix, the seed mix should use these seeds within the seed mix:

      1. Sterile Annual Ryegrass

      2. Rye, winter or spring

      3. Barley, spring

      4. Oats, spring

      5. Wheat, winter or spring

      6. Slender Wheatgrass

   2. Slopes – Erosion is reduced by the root zone matrix of grasses, therefore the use of grasses is one of the essential elements for the requirements to satisfy the revegetation bond release requirements.

      The use of wildflowers are atheistically pleasing and is encouraged by the City, however, the wildflower portion of the seed mix should be minor. The use of shrub or tree seedling may be required based on the native condition of the land prior to disturbance.

      The seed mixture applied to the slopes should be at approximately 40 lbs. per acre with upland dry seed mix. The following grasses should be included the seed mix specified:

      Slope Seed Mix

      Common Name	Scientific Name
      Sodar Streambank Wheatgrass	Agropyron, riparium
      Nezpar Indian Ricegrass	Oryzopsis hymenoides
      Western Wheatgrass	Agropyron smithi
      Blue Bunch Wheatgrass	Agropyron spicatum

   3. Seed/Seedling – The vegetation community in the native areas of the City has several shrub species along with native grass and flowers. Prior to any land disturbance a field inventory of the native vegetation community, including cover estimates, is to be submitted to the City for review. This inventory will establish the replace species and percentage of cover on the project, this is to ensure the revegetation of area to pre-disturbance conditions, the cost of the seedlings is to be included in the revegetation bond.

   4. Hillside Regions – Seed/Seedlings to be planted shall be primarily perennial natives. The vegetation inventory will determine actual specie types. The listed seedlings should be among the mixture of seedlings used.

      Hillside Region Seedlings

      Common Name	Scientific Name
      Squawbush	Rhus trilobata
      Wyoming Sagebush	Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis
      Gambel Oak	Quercus gambelli
      Antelopebruch	Purshia tridentata
      Rabbitbrush	Chrysothamnus nauseosus
      Winterfat	Eorotia lanata
      Mountain Big Sagebruch	Artemisia tridentate

   5. Wetland and Riparian Areas – To ensure protection the native habitat, filtration of water and bank protection from erosion. A plant inventory will determine the existing specie and coverage of wetland vegetation and will be the basis to determining the revegetation specie. In areas containing the Russian Black Olive tree the developer will substitute the Russian Black Olive tree with an acceptable native woody plant. The City and Corp of Army Engineers will determine the acceptability of the replacement seedlings.

   6. Channels, Swales, Toe Ditches, Inceptor Ditches and Concentrated Flows – The flow characteristics of channels, interceptor ditches or toe ditches used in urban storm drainage may require the use of a turf reinforced mat. A qualified professional shall design and specify the appropriate matting based on Federal Highway Administration requirements. The following grasses should be used in the seed mixes and applied at a minimum rate of 30 lbs./acre:

      Channel Seed Mix

      Common Name	Scientific Name
      Ephraim Crested Wheatgrass	Agropyrona cristation
      Sodar Streambank Wheatgrass	Agropyrona riparium
      Western Wheatgrass	Agropyrona smithii
      Covar Sheep Fescue	Festucia ovina
      Perennial Ryegrass	Lolium perenne

   7. Mulch Protection – The mulch is to provide a biomass that will promote germination, protect against erosion, and provide moisture during the dry seasons, for at least two years to three years depending on the elevation of the land disturbance.

      Mulch Protection Duration

      Area Elevation	Years
      Valley and Foothills	Two years
      Mountains above the 5,200 foot Elevation	Three years

   8. Materials and Methods

      Materials and Methods

      Slope (Horz:Vert.)	Acceptable Products or Methods	Anchors (per sq.yd.)
      40:1 to 10:1	Hydro mulch and seedinga Drill seeding with native soil covera Land Imprintinga Straw Crimpinga,b Mechanically Anchored Strawa,b	N/A
      10:1 to 3:1	Manufactured straw or excelsior blanket with netting one sidec Land Imprintinga,e	per manufacturer’s recommendations
      3:1 to 2:1	Manufactured straw/coconut mat, straw mats with netting on both sides, Wood excelsior blanket with netting on both sidesc	As per manufacturer’s recommendations

      Notes:

      1. A temporary irrigation system will be required for the early days of germination.

      2. To be used only in a wind protected area, as approved by the City.

      3. Slope length not to exceed 50 feet unless manufacturer can demonstrate by the R.U.S.L.E. or other appropriate the material BMP will work. Empirical information will not be acceptable.

      4. This is a minimum standard only. Anchors are to keep the matting in direct contact with the soil. Additional staples may be required at the direction of the City.

      5. The soil to be at optimum moisture within the top six inches of soil. Optimum moisture to be determined by geotechnical report.

   9. Irrigation – The developer/builder is responsible for providing reasonable amount of moisture to promote growing conditions of the revegetation project. The City recommends temporary irrigation to be used a minimum of 60 days year round. However, the City requires temporary irrigation to be used for a minimum of 60 days between May 1 and October 15.

5. Erosion Control / Revegetation Plan – The Developer is responsible for preparing a revegetation plan for the project which identifies seedbed preparation, erosion control BMP to be used, temporary seeding efforts, permanent seeding, mulching, inlet sediment barriers and other items related to revegetation and erosion control.

   The revegetation plan shall include the following:

   1. A field evaluation of the existing vegetation to include herbaceous plant cover, overall species abundance, and plant litter.

   2. An evaluation of noxious or prohibited restricted weeds.

   3. A list of target native perennial species to be included in the seed mixture.

   4. Preliminary soils information based on published soil surveys.

   5. Routine soil sample to evaluate fertility requirements for reclaimed areas.

   6. A follow-up vegetation inventory during the second growing season on reclaimed land to evaluate the successful establishment of target perennial vegetation.

   7. A final vegetation inventory prior to bond release evaluating vegetative cover and species abundance to ensure 80% establishment of adjacent undisturbed areas. Final bond release evaluation shall not be preformed nor will be acceptable until a minimum of three (3) growing seasons has elapsed.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02902 – Revegetation Plan

   Also in Section 4 or these Standards

6. Permanent Seeding – The Developer is to provide for the design and installation of permanent seeding and related items for the project. This practice will establish perennial and permanent plantings for a site within 21 days of final grade being reached. These measures are discussed more thoroughly in Section 3.13 of these standards.

Section 3.0 establishes material requirements for land disturbance construction, including testing and acceptance of materials, topsoil, erosion control materials, limits of disturbance controls, retaining walls, landscape irrigation systems, concrete structures, riprap, retention and detention basins, storm drain systems, and permanent seeding.

This section discusses the materials involved in grading, erosion, sedimentation control and revegetation efforts and associated construction activities. Design and construction related to storm drainage facilities is subject to the design and construction standard for that specific type of facility. Separate design and construction standards are available from the City’s Engineering Department for culinary water, sewer, secondary water road and bridge construction and storm drainage and flood control facilities. This standard is in addition to previously mentioned standards, in the event a conflict arises the more restrictive standard will govern. The materials selected have been chosen for their strength, durability and ease of maintenance. All materials, unless specifically approved otherwise, shall be new and unused.

Where applicable, American Pubic Works Association (APWA), American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or other standards have been referenced and it shall be the responsibility of the developer/engineer /contractor to be familiar with those standards to insure compliance. This standard will govern in the event of a conflict. Titles corresponding to the specific numbers are given in the reference section of the standards.

In some instances, particular manufacturers and product names have been mentioned as being approved. Other products may also meet the requirements, but must be first approved in writing by the Engineering Department. Two factors that are considered by the Engineering Department and the City Engineer in products as approved:

1. Products performance of the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), Manufacturer’s Literature or Utah Water Research Lab.

2. The calculation results of the USLE or RUSLE on a site specific design.

Manufacture’s literature not based on results from an independent testing facility will not be considered. Manufactures will be required to submit the complete report from the independent testing facility to the Engineering Department for a complete review on alternate products.

If at any time the Engineering Department believes that the use of a specific product must either be halted or changed, the City Engineer has the authority to make the change providing the decision is based upon an engineering, performance or maintenance evaluation. A copy of all technical specifications is contained in Appendix B.

The Engineering Department will require such tests and certifications as deemed necessary to show that the specified materials have been employed. Notwithstanding prior factory or yard inspections, the City Engineer will have the right to reject any damaged or defective materials found on the job and order its removal from the site. Further information on testing is contained in Section 9.0 – Testing, of this manual.

1. General – Topsoil shall be stripped, stockpiled, or live hauled in accordance with the requirements of these standards and the Contract Documents. The Contractor shall, where possible, keep the height and size of topsoil piles to a minimum. Topsoil is to be used only to stockpile and replace for revegetation, excess handling of the topsoil should be avoided. Stockpiles are not to exceed 25 feet in height and the amount of time the topsoil piles kept in a stockpile is also to be kept to a minimum. The intent of topsoil stockpiling is to retain the soil structure, preserve pore space essential for microorganisms and provide an environment that will retain the soil fertility to promote the restoration of native seeds indigenous to the area.

   Stockpiles are to be setback at least 100-ft away from native undisturbed areas and live bodies of waters, including seasonal drainage channels. The developer may propose BMP to prevent the stockpile from eroding from wind or water. The intent of the topsoil setbacks is to preserve native vegetation, preserve drainage channels and satisfy the UPDES regulations

   The Developer may also propose other methods and locations of stockpiling topsoil for review and approval by the City. Satisfying the intent of stockpiling topsoil and the setbacks indicated herein, for reviewing any proposed stockpile location.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.6 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02925 – Topsoil

1. General – Interim measures could be used in the areas that have been graded and left exposed and not brought to final grade within 21 days of initial disturbance. The measures discussed below include the use of mulch, organic tackifiers and temporary seeding for interior slope stabilization.

   1. Interior Slope Stabilization, Mulch – The placement of material to stabilize the soil against the forces of wind and water as an interim measure could include tackifiers, sediment controls, temporary seeding, wood mulches, water, manufactured mulch blankets made from excelsior or straw.

      Interim soil stabilization, measures are to be applied to the soil from the day of initial disturbance until the soil has received approved erosion control and revegetation measures as per Resolution __________, Revegetation Bond.

      Site-specific conditions will determine the recommended seed mix. Check with the project’s Development guidelines, City of West Jordan, local seed suppliers or County Extension Service for recommended mixes for site-specific conditions.

      The Effective Planting Plan will determine the actual mulch material used to protect the seed. Provisions for temporary irrigation is required throughout the year.

      The revegetation project approval will be based on the Revegetation Bond reductions procedures as outlined in Resolution ____________. It is the responsibility of the developer to select, install, irrigate and maintain the project in such a manner as to qualify for the bond reductions.

   2. Slope Stabilization, Temporary Seeding – Temporary seeding means the growing of a short-term perennial or annual cover (plants) on a disturbed construction site that is disturbed and the use of temporary seeding is to control erosion from wind or water. The use of temporary seeding is recommended for areas that have been disturbed and requires stabilizations and the City deems it not appropriate for a revegetation bonds. An example of this would be a residential subdivision that has been massed graded and the City agrees with the developer, residential home construction will invalidate the revegetation bond.

      Temporary seeding is subject to the same seed protection requirements as outlined in the effective planting plan. This practice is to use fast growing grasses whose root system hold down the soils so they are less apt to be carried offsite by water or wind. Another advantage of temporary seeding is it reduces the problems associated with mud and dust from bare soil during construction.

      Whereas temporary seeding requires temporary irrigation and the same mulch protection as permanent seeding, it could be more cost effective to evaluate chemical stabilizers.

      The Engineer shall design the work covered under Section 2.0 and Appendix B to meet the following technical specification section:

      1. Section 02271 – Erosion Control

1. General – Limits of disturbance (LOD) barriers are to be placed, reviewed and approved in writing by the Engineering Department prior to any land disturbance. Approved minimum barrier are described below.

   1. Fabric: Design for site specific conditions

   2. Posts: 2 x 2, 6.0-ft long to be approved by the Engineering Department.

   3. Wire Mesh: 14 gage min. with 6 inch minimum openings

   4. Wire Stables: 1-inch long, hog rings or wire ties are acceptable when approved by the City Engineer.

   5. Straw Bales: Not acceptable

   6. Pre-manufactured barriers are acceptable when approved in writing by the Engineering Department.

   7. Straw wattles

   The LOD boundary control is to be installed by placing posts on 6-foot centers with a minimum 2- foot of bury and 3-feet exposed above grade. The Contractor is to excavate the anchor trench on the uphill side of the posts. The wire mesh shall be secured to posts on the up-hill side of the posts from the bottom of the trench to the top of the posts. The Contractor is to install the fabric as required to encase trench and drape over top of fence by 1-foot minimum. The fabric is to be secured to the posts and wire mesh a minimum of every 6-inches vertically and one foot horizontally. The Contractor is to then backfill the trench over the geotextile fabric to anchor it in place.

   The Contractor is to maintain the fence by inspecting it after each rainfall and\or during a heavy or prolonged rainfall or as required by the Erosion Control Specialist. The Contractor shall make adjustments or repairs to the fence to prevent runoff from bypassing the ends of the fence, or by under cutting the trench in which the fabric has been installed. When LOD barrier also functions as a sediment control BMP, the Contractor is to remove the accumulated sediment before it reaches ½ the height of fence. The LOD barrier will be reported on the erosion control and sediment control inspection as required by the City.

   The site boundary control may be removed after construction has received its final inspection approval or as approved by the Engineering Department.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.3 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02279 – Silt Fences

1. General – Permanent erosion control measures are those, which will be constructed to provide for long-term (2-5 year) protection of soils on the project. These differ from sediment control BMP. These measures include the following:

1. General – Where insufficient space is available for construction of a complete slope or where obstacles are in the way, retaining walls may need to be constructed to retain the earth and limit the amount of erosion, which might be experienced. If the wall is 48-inches or greater, the wall is governed by the International Building Code (IBC). Such wall will need to be designed by a licensed civil engineer, registered in the State of Utah.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02277 – Segmental Block Retaining Wall

   2. Section 04220 – Concrete Unit Masonry

1. General – In cases where soil erosion control measures are selected by the Developer to meet his project needs, a landscape irrigation system will need to be designed and constructed. The design of such systems shall be done by a licensed landscape architect, registered in the State of Utah and shall be reviewed and approved by the City prior to construction.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.15 and Appendix B to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02811 – Landscape Irrigation System

1. General – The design of concrete structures related to grading, erosion and sedimentation control and revegetation shall be performed by a registered civil engineer. The design shall take into account the following technical specifications. Preliminary design and final design shall be reviewed and approved by the City prior to finalizing the projects for construction.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 and Appendix B to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 03100 A – Concrete Formwork

   2. Section 03102 – General Concrete Construction

   3. Section 03200 – Reinforcement Steel

   4. Section 03300 – Cast-in-Place Concrete

   5. Section 03303 – General Concrete

   6. Section 03304 – Minor Concrete

1. General – Riprap is a layer of stone or rock designed to protect and stabilize the surface of the soil from erosion from water or wind. Riprap may be use to stabilize cut and fill slopes, channel slopes and bottoms, inlets and outlets for culverts, bridges, slopes drains and shorelines to due wave action. The thickness of the riprap for slope protection shall be in accordance of section 3.6 Erosion Control.

   Riprap is classified as either graded or uniform. Graded riprap includes a wide range of stone or rock sizes. Uniform riprap consists of stone or rocks approximately the same size. Graded riprap is preferred since it provides a dense, flexible cover. Riprap sizes are designed by either the mean diameter or the weight of the stones.

   Proper slope selection and surface preparation are essential for successful long-term functioning riprap. Adequate compaction of fill areas and proper use of filter blankets are necessary

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 and Appendix B to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02275 – Riprap

1. General – The design of regional and on-site retention/detention basins shall be performed in accordance with the City’s current Storm Drainage and Flood Control Design and Construction Standards, Master Drainage Plan and other pertinent master plans and studies.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 and Appendix B to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02292 – Dam Embankment Construction

   2. Section 02274 – Clay Liner

   3. Section 02710 – Toe Drain

   4. Section 11232 – Slide/Stop Gates

   5. Section 00000 – Low Flow Pipe

1. General – The design of storm drainage facilities, including pipelines, shall be performed in accordance with the City’s current Storm Drainage and Flood Control Design and Construction Standards, master storm water management plan and other pertinent master plans and studies.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 and Appendix B to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02712 – Storm Drainage System

   2. Section 02750 – Storm Drainage System Testing

   3. Section 02606 – Manholes

   4. Section 02617 – Reinforced Concrete Pipe

   5. Section 02618 – Reinforced Concrete Pressure Pipe

   6. Section 11231 – Flap Gates

1. General – This practice will establish perennial and permanent seeding for a site where development is complete or will have no further disturbance. This practice is for an area that has been brought to final grade within 21 days of initial disturbance and satisfies one of the conditions of the revegetation bond as stated in Resolution _____________.

   1. Installation Specifications

      1. Install berms or swells to prevent concentrated flows from adjacent properties.

      2. Prepare seed bed should be granular, loose, uniform grades to 2-4 inches in depth.

      3. Surface Roughing if the rainfall causes the soil surface to become sealed or crusted, loosen it just prior to seeding by discing, harrowing, raking or other suitable methods.

      4. Apply fertilizer as required by existing soil evaluations.

      5. Mulch: The Contractor will obtain a written statement and recommendations from the seed supplier or other knowledgeable entity, comparing the types of vegetation and the type of mulch being used. The seed supplier written statement will specifically address the analysis of the denseness of the blanket with growing characteristics of the proposed seed, i.e. as the seed germinates, the broadleaf plant will cause tenting due to the denseness of the mulch.

   2. Seed Mix – The following seeds will be included in the proposed seed mix.

      Sodar Streambank Wheatgrass

      Agropyron, riparium

      This a native sod grass of the Northern Great Plains plant growth region and the western intermountain area. It tolerates drought and spreads rapidly to form a good ground cover. It appears early and resembles thick spike wheatgrass. It is used widely as a low-growing, low maintenance cover. This is useful for roadside seeding, recreation areas, disturbed areas, and other sites where a low maintenance turf is desired.

      Nezpar, Indian Ricegrass

      Oryzopsis hymenoides

      This grass is dense tufted perennial with upright stems. It is widely distributed over the west where it is one of the most drought-enduring native range grasses. It grows on semi deserts, sand dunes, sandy plains, canyons, hillsides, foothills, exposed ridges, and dry, sandy, rocky, or granulated shale sites. It is one of the first species to become established on disturbed sandy sites. This species has excellent seedling vigor and is easily established. Birds, especially mourning dove and pheasant, and small rodents relish the plump nutritious seeds. This is an important bunch grass of the intermountain region. However, the seed is generally available in limited quantities.

   The Engineer shall design the work covered under subsection 2.5 and Appendix B to meet the following technical specification section:

   1. Section 02933 – Seeding

Section 4.0 outlines plan preparation requirements, including responsibility for preparing plans, sheet size and margin standards, signature blocks, cover sheet information, grading and sediment control plans, erosion control and revegetation plans, graphic scales, north arrows, approval procedures, plan checking requirements, dedication language, and standard notes.

The Engineering Department has established procedures, which must be followed in the preparation of engineering drawings and other plans. Deviations from these requirements, unless specifically authorized, will be cause for rejection by the Engineering Department. All engineers preparing plans should have in their possession a complete set of these Standards. All work shall be in ink on mylar sheets and digital copies of this work will be provided to the Engineering Department upon completion of the project. All projects constructed in the City will conform to these Standards.

The engineer has a distinct responsibility to follow the progress of the work and to submit change orders to the drawings and to incorporate “as-built” information on the drawings.

It should be understood that the responsibility for accuracy and completeness of the drawings rests with the developer’s engineer. By signing the drawings, the City Engineer attests to the fact that they have been reviewed by the City and that the Planning Commission has authorized construction. By signing the drawings the City Engineer does not replace the professional liability of the professional engineer who prepared the drawings. The professional engineer who has prepared the studies, design, and drawings associated with this work is to sign and stamp these documents as required by State law.

Refer to subsection 1-1 and 2.1.B. Design Professionals Qualifications for this information.

Overall dimensions of each sheet are 24×36-inches. Margins are to be 2-inches on left, all others ½-inch.

All sheets of the drawings shall have a approved signature blocks. The approval blocks shall be signed before any construction occurs. Any changes to the plans after initial approval shall be shown as revisions and are required to be approved by the City Engineer.

This shall be the first sheet in the set and shall contain:

1. Index Map. An index map with an overall plan at a scale of one inch = 300 feet showing general layout of work, named streets, subdivision boundaries, lot boundaries and numbers, a sheet index and other pertinent information. Care must be exercised to make sure scale and orientation are correct since these index maps are used in the City’s geographical information system for other purposes.

2. Vicinity Map. A vicinity map with a scale of one inch = 1,000 feet showing subdivision boundary, streets, adjacent subdivisions, major streets outside of subdivision boundaries and the location of the bench mark.

3. Bench Marks. All bench marks used in the project shall be graphically shown on this sheet and the elevations, descriptions, locations, etc., spelled out as illustrated below:

   B.M. No._______________ Elev________________F.B._______________Page________

   Type of Marker____________________________________________________________

   Location__________________________________________________________________

   All elevations used in preparation of standard plans shall be based on Salt Lake County Surveyor’s Office information.

4. General Notes. The general notes shall be shown on the cover sheet and need not be shown on the other sheets. The general notes shall include a note requiring compliance with these standards and 5 day notice prior to a preconstruction meeting and before beginning construction (see Section 4.11). Land disturbance notes are to appear on the grading plan. In some instances the land disturbance general notes may appear on a separate sheet. In these instances the grading plan will reference the general notes with lettering not less than 18 points and the sheets will have similar and consecutive numbering, starting with “G” i.e. For general notes refer to Sheet G-1 of G-4

5. As-built Materials List – On the cover sheet shall be a block to be used for as-built information. It shall be as follows:

   Material List

   Item	Supplier and/or Manufacturer	Model/Type No.	No.
   _____________	_____________	_____________	_____________

   Prior to submittal of as-built drawings, the developer’s engineer shall complete the pertinent information.

   “As-built” certification is also required. The wording shall be as follows:

   “AS-BUILT” CERTIFICATE

   I hereby certify that the work shown on Drawing Number ________Sheet _______ through _______inclusive, marked “as-built” has been constructed in conformance with lines and grades as shown on said plans and referred specifications.

   __________________________ _________________ ________________

   Registered Civil Engineer     RCE No.     Date

6. City Engineer’s Certification for Approval to Construct. Appropriate designation for City Engineer approval to construct, located above title block (number and date to be completed by the Engineering Department).

   “Approved for Construction. _________________________ Date_____________________

   City Engineer

1. General – Grading plans are to be submitted for review, prior to disturbance of land or vegetation. The City will issue a letter to proceed when the plans conform to the specifications herein. Specifications herein are to be considered minimum. During the review process the City could require additional information prior to issuing the letter to proceed.

   The minimum submittal will consist of:

   1. A plan review of the site.

   2. Two sections through the grading project on the X and Y axis with details as required.

   3. The dust control plan as required by the State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality is to be submitted as a separate drawings meeting the state’s requirements.

   4. A wet weather plan is required showing additional BMPs that will mitigate the affects of the wet weather on/to adjacent facilities. The intent is to keep streets, storm drains, and existing waterways free of sediment.

   5. Detail sheets contain the proposed BMPs on the site. The details are to provide specific and detailed installation instructions to the Contractor to install said BMPs. The general description per manufacturer recommendations is not adequate or acceptable. The BMPs selection is to be flexible and addressed as the project proceeds and site conditions change.

2. Plan View – Show and identify the following:

   1. The layout of the subdivision including streets, lot line easement lines, drainage channels, and under ground drainage systems. The layout is to be seen as a background (50%).

   2. Existing contours including topographic features including but not limited to existing drainage channels, roads, and structures. Contours to be labeled with numeric elevations on a maximum ten-foot intervals and shown as dashed lines. The City Engineer may change the required interval based on the slope of the property.

   3. Finished contours of all proposed topographic features. Finished contours are to be more distinct than existing elevations. Contours to be labeled with numeric elevations on ten-foot intervals and shown as solid lines. The City Engineer may change the required interval based on the slope of the property.

   4. Show area Limits of disturbance (LOD).

   5. Indicated LOD barrier material, i.e. concrete Jersey barrier or silt fence.

   6. Show construction phasing limits.

   7. Show timetable construction phasing. Chart form is acceptable.

      Example Construction Phasing Chart

      Phase	Start	Finish
      1	May 15, 2000	September 2000
      2	August 22, 2000	December 2000
      3	March 1, 2001	September 2002

   8. Identify areas in which the majority of the lot has been created with fill dirt.

   9. Topsoil storage area(s), containment, and erosion control methods.

   10. Retaining walls

   11. Sediment BMPs satisfying the intent of retaining soil on the site and out of the streets, existing waterways, storm drain, including dust control 24 hours and seven days per week. Identify type and location of sediment control BMPs in two locations.

       1. The plan view

       2. In a chart on the same sheet as the plan view

       Example Sediment Control BMP Chart

       Sediment Control BMP	Identification	Location of BMP	Site Condition
       Silt Fence	SF-1	South side of property	Bottom of slope
       Construction Entrance	CE-1	North end of property	Adjacent

   12. Show locations and direction of flows of existing and proposed swales, water courses, canals, ditches, springs, wells, culverts, storm drains, and storm water facilities. BMP are to be shown in the plan view and in chart form.

   13. Show existing and proposed easements and ownership of said easements on residential lots.

   14. Show location of any designated flood plains and/or wetland boundaries.

   15. Show the staging area and BMP to control chemical and fuel spills.

   16. Provide a minimum of two sections through property, one through the x-axis and one through the y-axis. Additional sections are required when:

       1. Cuts or fills over six feet.

       2. Identify locations of sensitive areas, i.e. wetlands or natural drainage courses that will be affected by the proposed grading.

   17. Identify the dust control to be used 24 hours a day, seven days per week.

   18. Location of concrete vehicle wash out area.

   19. The calculation of amount of soil is being moved. This calculation is inclusive of imported, exported, or material used to balance the site. If the soil is being moved, dug, excavated, imported or exported, the calculation should reflect the same.

   20. The existing and finish grades expressed in percent to be shown in the respective areas. Existing or finished grades over 30% will be distinctively shaded.

   21. Survey Section indicators shown with corresponding sheet numbers.

   22. General Notes to appear on Grading Plan.

       1. Contractor should perform earthwork in accordance with the City of West Jordan Land Disturbance Ordinance, the City’s Standard Specifications, City of West Jordan Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards, erosion, sediment, revegetation requirements, and the dust control plan as required by the State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality.

       2. The Contractor will perform earthwork in accordance with technical specifications outlined in the Land Disturbance Design and Construction Standards and the recommended earthwork specifications found in the report of geotechnical engineer, and the geotechnical investigation dated _________. In the event there is a conflict between the documents mentioned herein and City of West Jordan’s erosion and sediment control requirements or the dust control plan as required by the State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality, City of West Jordan’s requirements and the State requirements will control.

       3. The sequence of construction is to be followed.

       4. Sedimentation BMPs shown on the erosion control and sediment control plans to be installed within the same working day the land disturbance occurs.

       5. Dust control BMPs are to be on site and implemented as soon as land disturbance occurs. The dust control as required by the State of Utah air quality plan is to be submitted with the grading plan as a separate drawing.

       6. All areas to be revegetated are to receive revegetation BMPs within 21 days of disturbance.

       7. If the existing grade is different from what is shown on this grading plan, stop work and contact the City of West Jordan, Engineering Department. Work is to remain stopped until the City’s Engineering Department provides a written notice to resume work.

       8. The project owner is responsible for maintaining the streets, storm drains, and channels, ditches and swales free from debris, soil, mud, or other material that would cause a public safety concern, violate the City’s UPDES permit, state or federal laws, or prevent the facility from operating.

       9. All concrete trucks are to use the designated washout area(s). Failure to comply will result in a work stop and the offender could be guilty of a Class C misdemeanor.

       10. L.O.D. barriers are to be in place and maintained until written notification is received from the Engineering Department. The owner is responsible for maintaining L.O.D. barriers.

       11. If disturbance occurs outside the L.O.D. work will stop and remain stopped until the written response is received from the City.

       12. The owner is to be responsible for additional grading information as required throughout the remainder of the project.

3. Grading Plan Sections

   1. Sections to be drawn to the scales indicated see Section 4.7. The profile to be displayed on an X and Y grid background.

   2. Section to show existing grades, finished grade, property lines and drainage features.

1. General – An erosion control plan is required for all land disturbances including but not limited to pioneering roads, residential subdivisions, commercial projects/subdivisions, temporary and permanent construction, roads and utilities.

   The erosion control plan must be prepared and approved before final approval and before construction begins. The erosion control plan shall be submitted with the grading plan as required by local ordinances or be prepared as part of the storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP).

   If the grading permit allows work to be done during the wet weather season, the permit may require a wet weather operating and erosion control plan. This plan must be approved prior to the commencement of any work and include all necessary temporary and permanent erosion control measures, including those to be followed should the work stop at any time during the wet weather season.

   If the site or portion of the site is planned to be idle for more than 45-days, then vegetative stabilization must be accomplished within 7-days. The wet weather plan must include a plan for the immediate (within 24-hours of the first forecast of a storm front) installation of emergency erosion control measures.

2. Guidelines for Erosion Control Plans – The plan will consist of three parts:

   1. A narrative, containing:

      1. A brief description of the proposed land-disturbing activities, existing site conditions, and adjacent areas (such as creeks and buildings) that might be affected by the proposed clearing and grading;

      2. A description of critical areas on the site – areas that have a potential for serious erosion problems, including the name, location and aerial extent of moderate and highly erodible soils and slopes on the project site;

      3. The date grading will begin and the expected date of stabilization;

      4. A brief description of the measures that will be used to control erosion and sedimentation on the site;

      5. When these measures will be implemented;

      6. A description of an inspection and maintenance program, with provisions for frequency of inspection, reseeding, repair and reconstruction of damaged structures, cleanout and disposal of trapped sediment, duration of maintenance program, and final disposition of the measures when site work is complete.

   2. A map showing:

      1. Existing site contours at an interval and scale sufficient for distinguishing runoff patterns before and after disturbance;

      2. Final contours;

      3. A legend, if necessary;

      4. Limits of clearing and grading;

      5. Existing vegetation, such as grassy areas or vegetative buffers, that may reduce erosion or off-site sedimentation;

      6. Critical areas within or near the project site, such as streams, lakes, wetlands, or the aerial extent of erodible soils;

      7. The location and types of erosion and sediment control measures, including vegetative treatment used.

   3. Plan details, including:

      1. Detailed drawings of erosion and sediment control structures and measures, showing dimensions, materials, and other important details;

      2. Design criteria and calculations such as design particle size for sediment basins and peak discharge for channel design and outlets;

      3. Seeding or vegetative specifications;

      4. Inspection and maintenance notes.

      5. Specification for surface roughing.

   The narrative and details should be placed on the erosion control plan map if possible.

3. Plan Check – The following items provide a general approach and guidelines that a review agency or plan checker might find useful:

   1. Responsibility: It is not the responsibility of the plan reviewer to ensure that the plan is appropriate for the level of work suggested by the proposed project. The reviewer can only ensure that the plan meets the minimum standards set by the reviewing agency and its authorizing ordinance.

   2. Communications: Encourage informal communications between the plan reviewer and the plan preparer. This will enable the reviewer to make informal suggestions that may save the developer money and the preparer time, and it may result in a better, more effective plan. It will also enable the preparer to explain and justify the plan.

   3. Incomplete Plans: Do not review seriously incomplete plans. Send them back with a request for the missing information.

   4. Required Information: Make sure all the required information has been submitted. A checklist can be used by both plan reviewers and plan preparers, however, checklists can encourage laziness. Having everything checked off does not necessarily mean that everything is in order.

   5. Plan Concept: The concept should be examined first, starting with the general and moving to the specific. Does the plan make sense?

   6. Schedule: Examine the construction schedule. Will grading be completed before the wet weather season or before the summer thunderstorm months? When will storm drainage facilities, paving, and utilities be installed in reference to the wet weather season? If grading will take place during months when there is a high probability of heavy rains, what extra precautions will be taken to protect against erosion, sedimentation, and changing drainage patterns (Is a wet weather plan necessary)?

   7. Minimize Disturbance: Does the plan show areas that are not to be disturbed? If possible, native vegetation should be retained and stream buffer areas should be designated on the plan and flagged in the field. A well-conceived erosion control plan will minimize erosion by attempting to minimize disturbance and retain natural vegetation. A phased approach to development can assure that the extent and timing of grading does not exceed the contractors ability to perform erosion and sediment control.

   8. Site Drainage: Make sure you understand where all drainage comes from on and above the site, where it goes, and how it traverses the site. For large sites, require or prepare a drainage area map. If drainage patterns are unclear, ask for clarification.

   9. Sediment Basins and Traps: Locate all sediment basins and traps and define their tributary areas.

   10. Erosion Control: Check the method used to prevent erosion. Hydraulic seeding and mulching may adequately stabilize some areas, but other areas, because of their proximity to sensitive features such as watercourses, or their steepness and erosive soil, may need far more intensive revegetation efforts. On steep and critical slopes, a reliable backup system for hydraulic planting, such as punched straw, bonded fiber matrix, or erosion control blankets is strongly recommended.

   11. Channels and Outlets: Examine all drainageways where concentrated flows will occur. Be sure adequate erosion protection is provided both along channels and at channel and pipe outlets. Check the sources of runoff to be sure that all the runoff comes from undisturbed or stabilized areas or has been desilted by sediment basins or other sediment retention devices.

   12. Miscellaneous: Look for haul roads, stockpile areas, and borrow areas. They are often overlooked and can have a substantial effect on drainage patterns. Have construction or access roads been surfaced with rock, as a minimum treatment, before the rainy season? Look at all points of vehicle access to the site and be sure mud and soil will not be tracked onto paved streets and that sediment-laden runoff will not escape from the site at these points. Pay particular attention to watercourses and their protection.

   13. Plan Details: Once the plan concept has been shown to be adequate, check the details to be sure the concept is adequately described in the plans.

   14. Structural Details: Be sure that sufficiently detailed drawings of each structure (sediment basin, dike, ditch, silt fence, etc.) are included so there is no doubt about location, dimensions, or method of construction.

   15. Calculations: Determine if calculations have been submitted to support the capacity and structural integrity of all structures. Were the calculations made correctly? Non-engineered structures, such as straw bale barriers, do not generally need hydrologic calculations, however, supporting information such as drainage area and peak flow should be available if requested.

   16. Vegetation: Review seed, fertilizer, and mulch specifications. Check quantities and methods of application to be sure they are appropriate and consistent with local guidelines. Are there stipulations so that ineffective revegetation and/or damage can be remedied immediately?

   17. Maintenance: Be sure that general maintenance requirements and, where necessary, specific maintenance criteria, such as the frequency of sediment basin cleaning, are included. Are there stockpiles of spare materials (filter fabric, straw bales, stakes, gravel, etc.) to repair damaged control measures? Routine maintenance inspections should be part of the plans.

   18. Contingencies: The plan must provide for unforeseen field conditions, scheduling delays, and other situations that may affect the assumed conditions. For example, straw mulch may need to be installed as an emergency measure during severe summer thunderstorms, or sediment basins may need to be cleaned more frequently.

   19. Technical Review: Where applicable, the erosion and sediment control plan should be reviewed by the soils, certified professional in erosion and sediment control (CPESC), or geotechnical consultant for the project.

   20. Signature: Where applicable, the erosion and sediment control plan should be signed by the preparer who shall be a qualified professional.

All plan and profile sheets shall contain:

1. A graphic scale, horizontal as well as vertical, illustrated such that a true representation is produced when the plans are reduced in size, and they shall be as follows:

   Graphic Scale Requirements

   Scale Type	Required Scale
   Horizontal	1inch = 40 feet
   Vertical	1inch = 10 feet *

   *Double scale drawings (i.e., 1inch = 8 feet) may only be submitted where the predominant slope of the existing ground surface or any one sheet exceeds 15 percent. In such cases, the words “Double Scale” shall be boldly shown.

2. A north arrow oriented toward the top or to the right only, or as approved. Generally, north shall be oriented towards the top or right hand side of the sheet.

Approval for improvement plans consists of two phases. Each phase consists of a series of requirements, which must be met before final acceptance.

1. Requirements for authorization of construction (see Section 5 of these Standards).

2. Requirements for final acceptance (see Section 11 of these Standards).

The following list is intended as a guideline to assist the preparer; it is not represented to be a complete list of requirements.

Check List

Plan Checking and Project Requirements

Grading

Cover Sheet

1. Standard size, title block, signature block. Revision and engineer’s block

2. Key and vicinity map

3. Include lot numbers and lot lines. Sheet index

4. Adjacent subdivisions and street layout

5. Bench mark

6. Design and as-built certificates

7. General notes

8. Blue stake alert note.

9. Engineer’s stamp and expiration date

General Design

1. Conform to master plans

2. Check for right of way and easements

3. Compliance with other utility company requirements

4. Check for existing irrigation canals

5. Check for compliance with City’s surveying monumentation

Grading and Sediment Control Plan Submittal

1. A plan view of the site

2. Screened background layout of project

3. Existing contours (screened)

4. Finished contours shown and labeled

5. L.O.D. shown, material identified and labeled

6. Indicate construction phase lines

7. Time table chart of phasing

8. Areas with fills over four feet

9. Topsoil storage areas shown and identified

10. Sediment BMP shown on plan view sheet and in chart

11. Existing drainage features

12. Existing wetlands identified

13. Show staging area and provide details

14. Two sections through the grading project on the x and y axis details

15. Dust control plan on separate sheet

16. Wet weather plan using BMP

17. Concrete washout area

Plan & Profile Sheets

1. Graphic scales

2. North arrows

3. Roadway stationing left to right

4. Elevations of centerline of roadway, curb and gutter on each side

5. Proper burial

6. Curve data if there are curves

7. Street, curb dimensions, street names

8. Lot boundaries

9. Easements including line bearings

10. Angle points – show deflection angle right or left moving up station

Administrative Before Construction of Main(s)

1. Cost estimate

2. Inspection and engineering review fee. Bonds and insurance.

3. SWPP & Notice of Intent

Administrative During or After Construction to Main(s)

1. Change Order Fee

2. Meter installation requests

Check List

Plan Checking and Project Requirements

Erosion, Revegetation and Sedimentation

The following checklist is provided to help the plan preparer and reviewer make sure that all the necessary elements of an comprehensive plan have been addressed.

Narrative

1. Project description: A brief description of the nature and purpose of the land-disturbing activity and the amount of grading involved.

2. Existing site conditions: A description of the existing topography, vegetation, and drainage.

3. Adjacent areas: A description of neighboring areas, such as streams, lakes, residential areas, and roads that might be affected by the land disturbance.

4. Soils: A brief description of the soils on the site including erodibility and particle size distribution (texture).

5. Critical areas: A description of areas within the developed site that have potential for serious erosion or sediment problems.

6. Erosion and sediment control measures: A description of the methods that will be used to control erosion and sediment on the site. Temporary erosion control, and temporary sediment control measures. Who will be responsible for implementation? Financial guarantees may be required to assure proper implementation

7. Permanent stabilization: A brief description of how the site will be stabilized after construction is completed.

8. Maintenance: A schedule of regular inspections and repairs of erosion and sediment control structures, and the person responsible for maintenance.

Maps

The following information should appear on one or more maps:

1. Existing contours: Existing elevation contours of the site at an interval sufficient to determine drainage patterns.

2. Preliminary and final contours: Proposed changes in the existing elevation contours for each stage of grading.

3. Soils: Boundaries of the different soil types within the proposed development.

4. Existing vegetation: Locations of trees, shrubs, grass, and unique vegetation.

5. North arrow

6. Vicinity Map

7. Critical areas: Areas within or near the proposed development with potential for serious erosion or sediment problems.

8. Existing and final drainage patterns: A map showing the dividing lines and the direction of flow for the different drainage areas before and after development, and how well off-site water passes through the site without contamination.

9. Limits of clearing and grading: A line showing the areas to be disturbed, and proposed buffer strips.

10. Erosion and sediment control measures: Locations, names, and dimensions of the proposed temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control measures.

11. Storm drainage system: Location of permanent storm drain inlets, pipes, outlets, and other permanent drainage facilities (swales, waterways, etc.), and sizes of pipes and channels.

Details

1. Detailed drawings: Enlarged, dimensioned, and typical drawings of Best Management Practices such as erosion control blankets, energy dissipators, grass-lined channels, and sediment barriers.

2. Seeding and mulching specifications: Seeding dates, seeding and mulching rates in pounds per acre, and application procedures.

3. Maintenance program: Inspection schedule, spare materials needed, stockpile locations, and instructions for sediment removal and disposal and for repair of damaged structures.

4. Master Plans – Check master plans to ensure compliance of project with the City’s most current master plan(s).

Calculations

1. Calculations and assumptions: Data for design storm used to size pipes and channels and sediment basins and traps, design particle size for sediment trap efficiencies, basin discharge rates, size and strength characteristics for filter fabric, wire mesh, fence posts, etc., and other calculations necessary to support drainage, erosion, and sediment control systems.

2. Attachments: The erosion control plan should accompany the grading plan.